Chapter 2-Part 3

Question 1

-Are the most abundant and important organic
molecules
-Contain basic elements
Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N)
-Basic building blocks
-20 amino acids

Answer 1

Protein

Question 2

Seven Major Protein Functions
SMTB,MR,CC,D

Answer 2

1. Support
   -Structural proteins
2. Movement
   -Contractile proteins
3. Transport
   -Transport (carrier)
   proteins
4. Buffering
   -Regulation of pH
5. Metabolic Regulation
   -Enzymes
6. Coordination and
   Control
   -Hormones
7. Defense
   -Antibodies

Question 3

Long chains of amino acids

Answer 3

Protein Structure

Question 4

what are the protein shape

Answer 4

1.Primary structure
-The sequence of amino acids along a polypeptide

2. Secondary structure
   -Hydrogen bonds form spirals or pleats
3. Tertiary structure
   -Secondary structure folds into a unique shape
4. Quaternary structure
   - Final protein shape — several tertiary structures together

Question 5

proteins can be? what are the 2 things

Answer 5

1.Fibrous Proteins
-Structural sheets or strands

2. Globular Proteins
   -Soluble spheres with active functions
   * Protein function is based on shape
   * Shape is based
   on sequence of
   amino acids

Question 6

Organic molecules, found in the nucleus, which store and
process genetic information

Answer 6

Nucleic Acids

Question 7

-Determines inherited characteristics
-Directs protein synthesis
-Controls enzyme production
-Controls metabolism

Answer 7

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 8

Controls intermediate steps in protein synthesis

Answer 8

RNA (Ribonucleic acid)

Question 9

Structure of Nucleic Acids?

Answer 9

DNA and RNA are strings of nucleotides

Question 10

Are the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Answer 10

Nucleotides
Have three molecular parts
1. A pentose sugar (deoxyribose or ribose)
2. Phosphate group
3. Nitrogenous base (A, G, T, C, or U)

Question 11

Double stranded
* Bases form hydrogen bonds to hold the DNA together in a
twisting double helix
* Purines pair with pyrimidines
* Adenine (A) and thymine (T)
* Cytosine (C) and guanine (G)

Answer 11

DNA

Question 12

single strand
* Purines pair with pyrimidines
* Adenine (A) and Uracil (U)
* Cytosine (C) and guanine (G)

Answer 12

RNA

Question 13

Nucleotides Can Be Used to Store Energy as??

Answer 13

1. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
   * A (adenine) + ribose + Two phosphate groups; di- = 2
2. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
   * A (adenine) + ribose + Three phosphate groups; tri- = 3

Question 14

Adding a third phosphate group to ADP
forms the high-energy compound ATP

Answer 14

Phosphorylation

Question 15

enzyme that releases
energy (catalyzes the conversion of ATP to ADP)

Answer 15

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)