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A & P Lecture Exam 1 > Chapter 1 Intro to A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Intro to A&P Flashcards

1
Q

describes the STRUCTURES of the body
*shape, composition, location

A

ANATOMY

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2
Q

study of the FUNCTIONS of anatomical structures

A

PHYSIOLOGY

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3
Q

a body part’s___ determines its___

A

structure, function

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4
Q

enumerate the 6 Levels of Organization

A
  1. Chemical or Molecular Level
  2. Cellular Level
  3. Tissue Level
  4. Organ Level
  5. Organ System Level
  6. Organism Level
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5
Q

chemical or molecular level is made up of 2 things.. what are they?

A

Atoms, Molecules

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6
Q

are the smallest chemical units

A

Atoms

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7
Q

group of atoms working together

A

Molecules

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8
Q

group of atoms, molecules and organelles working together

A

Cells, in cellular level

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9
Q

group of similar cells working together

A

Tissue, in tissue level

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10
Q

group of 2 or more different tissues working together

A

Organ, in organ level

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11
Q

group of organs working together

A

Organ system

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12
Q

a human is an organism

A

organism level

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13
Q

Chemical and Molecular Level process

A
  1. atoms in combination
  2. complex protein molecule
  3. protein filaments
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14
Q

all body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment

A

Homeostasis

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15
Q

give example of homeostasis

A

body temperature, fluid balance

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16
Q

when the body is unable to return to its normal state, ___or ___ occurs

A

illness , disease

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17
Q

what are the 2 mechanisms of regulation( Homeostasis)

A
  1. Auto regulation (intrinsic) regulation
  2. Extrinsic regulation
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18
Q

is it the automatic response in a cell, tissue, organ to some environmental change

A

Auto regulation

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19
Q

response to a change in the environment is controlled by an external source

A

Extrinsic regulation

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20
Q

when oxygen levels decrease in an area, cells release vasodilators that dilate vessels and improve blood flow to the area

A

Auto regulation

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21
Q

when body temperature increases, the nervous system recognizes the change and sends instructions that bring the body back down to homeostatic temperature

A

Extrinsic Regulation

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22
Q

homeostatic regulatory mechanisms consists of 3 parts:

A
  1. receptor
  2. control center
  3. effector
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23
Q

*notices the stimulus
*sends info to the control center

A

receptor

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24
Q

processes the info and sends instructions to effector

A

control center

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25
Q

carries out instructions

A

effector

26
Q

example of receptor

A

temperature sensors in the skin or hypothalamus

27
Q

example of control center

A

Brain, or endocrine gland

28
Q

examples of effector

A

sweat glands or blood vessels

29
Q

2 feedback mechanisms that affect homeostasis

A

1.Negative feedback
2. Positive feedback

30
Q

the response of the effector NEGATES the stimulus( change)
*body is brought back to homeostasis

A

Negative feedback

31
Q

example of negative feedback

A

cooling the body when hot (vessels dilate)
warming when cold( vessels constrict)

32
Q

the response of the effector INCREASES change of the stimulus
*body is moved away from homeostasis
*very rare
*used to speed up processes

A

positive feedback

33
Q

example of positive feedback

A

contractions during childbirth, blood clotting

34
Q

*when the body is in standard position
*hands at sides, palms forward, legs straight, feet together, toes facing forward

A

anatomical position

35
Q

lying down (on their back) in anatomical position, face up

A

Supine

36
Q

lying down (on their belly) in anatomical position, face down

A

Prone

37
Q

are used to describe broad areas of interest or injury

A

anatomical regions

38
Q

directional terms used to describe the subject’s position or the location of body parts relative to each other

A

anatomical directions

39
Q

R and L always refer to the

A

patients R and L

40
Q

what are the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants

A

RUQ/LUQ
RLQ/LLQ

41
Q

a three dimensional axis

A

Plane

42
Q

what are the 3 plane dimensional axis

A
  1. Frontal or Coronal Plane
  2. Sagittal Plane
  3. Transverse Plane
43
Q

a slice parallel to a plane

A

Section

44
Q

they are used to visualize internal organization and structure
*MRI
*CT scan

A

Planes and Sections

45
Q

separates anterior and posterior portions of the body

A

frontal or coronal plane

46
Q

separates right and left portions equally

A

sagittal plane

47
Q

separates superior and inferior portions of the body

A

transverse plane

48
Q

the plane passes through the midline, dividing the body into right and left sides

A

midsagittal plane

49
Q

a cut parallel to midsagittal plane separates the body into right and left portions of unequal size

A

parasagittal plane

50
Q

the body is separated into compartments that house specific organs

A

Body cavities

51
Q

cavities of the body

A
  1. dorsal cavity ( cranial and vertebral )
  2. ventral cavity (both thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities)
  3. thoracic cavity (R&L pleural, mediastinum, pericardium)
  4. abdominopelvic cavity ( abdomen, pelvis)
52
Q

surrounded by chest wall and diaphragm

A

thoracic cavity

53
Q

surrounds right lung
surrounds left lung

A

right pleural cavity
left pleural cavity

54
Q

contains the trachea, esophagus, and major vessels, heart, thymus

A

mediastinum

55
Q

surrounds heart

A

pericardial cavity

56
Q

extends throughout abdominal cavity and into superior portion of pelvic cavity

A

peritoneal cavity

57
Q

contains many digestive glands and organs

A

abdominal cavity

58
Q

contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last portion of digestive tract

A

pelvic cavity

59
Q

contains the brain

A

cranial cavity

60
Q

main respiratory muscle that separates the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

A

Diaphragm

61
Q

kidneys and pancreas lie posterior to the parietal peritoneum (behind)

A

Retroperitoneal space

62
Q
A

A & P Lecture Exam 1 (4 decks)

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