Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A & P Lecture Exam 1 > Chapter 2 Chemistry Part 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Chemistry Part 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

anything that takes up space, has mass, made up of atoms

A

Matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the smallest subunit of matter

A

Atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the subatomic particles of atoms

A
  1. Proton ( + charge)
  2. Neutron ( no charge, neutral)
  3. Electron ( - charge)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

in the nucleus of atom ,positive charge, 1 mass unit

A

Proton (+positive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

in the nucleus, neutral, 1 mass unit

A

Neutron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

moves around electron cloud, negative charge, low mass

A

Electron (-negative)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

*most basic chemicals
*pure substances that contain only one type of atom
*determined by the atomic number of atoms

A

Elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

different versions of an element based on its mass number

A

Isotopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mass number is equal to
MN=??

A

MN= number of Protons + number of Neutrons
MN=P+N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

it determine the reactivity of an element in the electron cloud

A

Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

energy levels that each hold a max number of electrons

A

electron shells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

outermost shell is, electrons in it determines bonding

A

Valence shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sharing, gaining and losing of electrons in the valence shell

A

chemical bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

major types of chemical bonds?

A
  1. ionic bonds
  2. covalent bonds
  3. hydrogen bonds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

attraction between cations and anions or
bonds between two ions or charged atoms

A

ionic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

positively charged electron DONOR
-LOSES

A

caTion (Donor) +
LOSES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

negatively charged electron ACCEPTOR
-GAINS

A

Anion (Acceptor) -GAINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

strong electron bonds involving SHARED/ SHARING pair of electrons between atoms

A

Covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

WEAK bonds based on the partial electrical attractions (slightly positive, slightly negative) between polar molecules

A

Hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

two or more atoms joined by strong bonds

A

Molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

two or more atoms of different ELEMENTS joined by strong or weak bonds

A

Compounds ( madaming element) ex. H2O hydrogen and Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sharing one pair of electrons

A

Single covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sharing of two pairs of electrons

A

Double covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sharing three pairs of electrons

A

Triple covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

2 types of covalent(SHARING) bond

A
  1. Non polar Covalent bond
  2. Polar covalent bond
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

EQUAL SHARING of electrons

A

Non Polar Covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

UNEQUAL SHARING of electrons

A

Polar Covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules causes??

A

Surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

new bonds are FORMED and or existing bonds are BROKEN

A

Chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

materials going INTO reaction

A

Reactants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

materials going OUT of a reaction

A

Products

32
Q

all of the reactions that are OCCURING AT ONE TIME includes Catabolism and Anabolism

A

Metabolism

33
Q

reactions in which complex molecules are BROKEN down into SIMPLER UNITS

A

Catabolism or (Decomposition Reaction) BREAKS chemical bonds AB= A+B

34
Q

reactions in which simple substances are COMBINED to make more COMPLEX molecules

A

Anabolism (Synthesis Reaction) FORMS chemical bonds A+B=AB
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

35
Q

condensation reaction

A

Dehydration Reaction

36
Q

involves decomposition first, then synthesis

A

Exchange Reaction
AB + CD= AD = CB

37
Q

protein CATALYSTS that lower the activation of energy reactions
-USED TO SPEED UP PROCESS!!!!

A

Enzymes

38
Q

the amount of energy needed to get a reaction started

A

Activation Energy

39
Q

give example enzymes of the body

A

CAT-PEPE

Carbonic Anhydrase
Amylase
Trypsin
Pepsin
Peptidase

40
Q

the SUBSTANCE the enzyme acts on is the

A

Substrate

41
Q

a uniform mixture of two or more substances

A

Solution

42
Q

medium in which atoms, ions, or molecules are
dissolved/dispersed

A

Solvent

43
Q

the dispersed substances

A

Solute

44
Q

a heterogeneous mixture of two or more
substances in which particles settle if undisturbed

A

Suspension

45
Q

amount of solute in a solvent

A

Concentration

46
Q

Water’s ability to dissolve a solute in a solvent to
make a solution/suspension (Aqueous Solution)

A

Solubility

47
Q

Most body chemistry occurs in water

A

Reactivity

48
Q

Water’s ability to absorb and retain heat

A

High Heat Capacity

49
Q

To moisten and reduce friction

A

Lubrication

50
Q

polar water molecules form__ around ions and small polar molecules to keep them in solution

A

hydration spheres

51
Q

are inorganic ions that conduct electricity in solution( must disassociate in solution)

A

Electrolytes

52
Q

*interacts with water
*includes ions and polar molecules

A

Hydrophilic
hydro= water philos=loving

53
Q

*does not interact with water
*includes non polar molecules, fats, and oils

A

Hydrophobic
phobos= fear

54
Q

the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution, goes from 0-14

A

PH

55
Q

*a balance of H+ and OH-
*pure water= 7.0

A

Neutral PH

56
Q

*PH lower than 7.0
*high H+ concentration
*Low OH- concentration

A

Acidic PH

57
Q

*PH higher than 7.0
*Low H+ concentration
*High OH- concetration

A

Basic or Alkaline PH

58
Q

PH of human Blood
ranges from 7.35-7.45

A
59
Q

has an inverse relationship with H+ concentration

A

PH scale

60
Q

stabilize PH in the body

A

Buffers

61
Q

Basic compounds that neutralize acid and form a salt

A

Antacids

62
Q

Molecules not based on Carbon and hydrogen
ex. carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, bases, salts

A

Inorganic Compounds

63
Q

Molecules based on Carbon and Hydrogen
ex. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids

A

Organic Compounds

64
Q

-contain H.C and usually O
-covalenty bonded
-have carbon backbone

A

Organic Molecules

65
Q

-contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1
-includes sugars and starches used as an ENERGY SOURCE

A

Carbohydrates

66
Q

Classification of Carbohydrates

A

-Monosaccharide (simple sugar)
-Disaccharide (2 sugars)
-Polysaccharide (many sugars)

67
Q

SIMPLE sugars with 3 to 7 carbon atoms

A

Monosaccharide
ex. glucose, fructose, galactose

68
Q

TWO simple sugars condensed by dehydration synthesis

A

Disaccharides
ex. sucrose, maltose

69
Q

MANY monosaccharides condensed by dehydration synthesis

A

Polysaccharides
ex. starch, glycogen, cellulose

70
Q

-Mainly hydrophobic molecules such as fats, oils, and
waxes
-Made mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms, 1:2 Ratio
-Structural components of cells, Energy reserves,
hormones

A

Lipids
ex.
* Fatty acids
* Glycerides
* Steroids
* Phospholipids

71
Q

-Long chains of carbon and hydrogen with a carboxyl
group (COOH) at one end
- Are relatively nonpolar, except the carboxyl group
-Very limited solubility

A

Fatty Acids

72
Q

Fatty acids may be?? 2 kinds
- (no double bonds): animal fats
-(one or more double bonds): plant fats

A
  • Saturated with hydrogen (no double bonds): animal fats
  • Unsaturated (one or more double bonds): plant fats
73
Q

-Fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule
-Triglycerides have three fatty-acid tails
-Have three important functions
1. Energy source
2. Insulation
3. Protection

A

Glycerides

74
Q

3 important functions of glycerides

A
  1. Energy source
  2. Insulation
  3. Protection
75
Q

Four rings of carbon and hydrogen with an
assortment of functional groups

A

Steroids
Types of steroids:
* Cholesterol- Component of plasma (cell) membranes
* Estrogens and testosterone
-Sex hormones
* Corticosteroids and calcitriol -Hormones (Metabolic regulation and blood
composition)

76
Q

-Diglycerides attached to a phosphate group and a
non-lipid group (phospholipid)
-Have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
-Are structural lipids, components of plasma (cell)
membranes

A

Phospholipids

77
Q
A

A & P Lecture Exam 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions