Chapter 2 - Organisms In The Environment Flashcards
What is diffusion?
Movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
Why would you place a quadrat at regular intervals in a line rather than at random positions anywhere?
- to get accurate data of the change of position of the organism
- to get an accurate relation to distance from the sea
How can you improve an investigation to make sure your data is valid?2
Repeat several times
In another place
Why is it good to be able to float up when the sea covers the plant?
So that the plant can get more light
So that more photosynthesis can occur
Why don’t leaves produce oxygen in the dark?
Because there is no light so photosynthesis can’t occur
How can you make sure that heat doesn’t affect the rate of photosynthesis in an experiment? 2
Use a low energy bulb
Use LED
Give three factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Light intensity
Carbon dioxide
Temperature
How should you decide where to put quadrats in an investigation? 2 with eg
Choose random places
By using a method of obtaining randomness eg a grid and random numbers
What factors could affect the distribution of plants?5
Nutrients Minerals Ions Water Fertiliser
Between 25-35 degrees why would the rate of oxygen production increase?
- the particles move faster
- more collisions
Or - particles have more energy
Why would the oxygen production between 40-50 degrees go down?
The enzymes would be denatured
Why shouldn’t a greenhouse be heated to more than 35 degrees? 3
- the rate of growth decreases
- so less profit is made
- less than 35 degrees the respiration rate is higher
How is glucose used in a plant?6
- joined together to form starch
- nitrate jobs and other minerals
- to form protein
- fats and oils
- used in respiration
- builds cellulose
What is the function of fats and oils in a plant?
- build cell membranes
- energy store
What is the function of cellulose in plants?
For cell walls
What is the function of starch in a plant?
For storage
What are the functions of proteins in plants?
To grow
How do plants obtain nitrate ions?
Absorbed from the soil or surrounding water
What does a plant use nitrate ions for?3
They convert them
into amino acids
to form proteins
to grow
How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?
increasing light increases photosynthesis until another factor becomes a limiting one
How does carbon dioxide concentration affect the rate of photosynthesis?
It allows photosynthesis to take place faster until another factor becomes the limiting one
How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?& why
As photosynthesis requires enzymes for the reaction providing more heat energy increases the rate of reaction
Why is glucose converted into starch for storage?3
Glucose can’t be used as a storage molecule for energy
Because it is soluble
so it affects the movement of water in the cell
Word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen
What factors affect the distribution of plants?5
Light intensity Water availability Temperature Nutrients Oxygen and carbon dioxide
How does water availability affect the distribution of animals and plants?
- low rainfall means it’s difficult for photosynthesis to occur
How does a lack of light intensity affect the distribution of organisms?
Plants are less likely to grow because their ability to photosynthesise is impaired
How does a lack of temperature affect the distribution of organisms?
Because it limits the rate of photosynthesis
How does a lack of nutrients affect the distribution of organisms?
It restricts a plants growth and ability to make proteins because nutrients are found in minerals
How are leaves destarched?
By keeping plants in the dark for at least 24 hours
How can you see how much starch forms in different conditions?
By changing how much light can reach different parts of the leaves
What part of the plant is adapted for photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
Why do leaves take oxygen in the dark?
Because oxygen is needed
To use for aerobic respiration
How do the two raw materials for photosynthesis get into the plant?2
-
-
Why would the rate of photosynthesis stay the same between two temperatures?2
-
-
Why would the rate of photosynthesis decrease after 40 degrees?1
-
Why would a part of leaf produce no sugar?2
-
-
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which plants make food using carbon dioxide, water and light
At night why would carbon dioxide be the limiting factor?
Because in the dark a plant respires instead of photosynthesising
How do plants use glucose?4
- for respiration
- to convert into insoluble starch for storage
- to produce fats or oil for storage
- to produce fats proteins or cellulose for use in the cells and cell walls
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
Why do leaves take in oxygen in the dark?
For aerobic respiration.
What raw materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Water carbon dioxide
What is produced in photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
In photosynthesis what absorbs the light energy?
Chlorophyll
What happens to the glucose in photosynthesis?
Stored as fructose
Stored as starch
Stored as lipid or oil
Moved or transported in phloem
Changed to starch
Changed to oil or lipid
Changed to cellulose
Which part of the plant do mineral salts get in?
Roots
Why is water important when obtaining minerals?
Mineral salts are dissolved in water
Water transports salts throughout the plant
Or
Water enables osmosis / diffusion to take place
Why would no starch be found in part of a leaf?
No light received so no photosynthesis
Why would a leaf not produce sugar?
No chlorophyll so no light can be absorbed
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Suitable temperature Availability of water and carbon dioxide Sufficient light Presence if chlorophyll Amount of chloroplasts
How do guard cells assist photosynthesis?
It controls by osmosis
The movement of glucose
Through the stomata
How do palisade cells assist photosynthesis?
Near the upper surface of the plant
Containing many chloroplasts
So contain the most chlorophyll
List the ways energy is lost?
Growth
Movement
Faeces
Respiration
Why are most leaves broad?
It enables them to have a large surface area for light to fall on
Why do leaf contain chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is contained in the chloroplasts to absorb the light energy
Why do leaf have veins?
They bring plenty of water to the cells of the leaves
Why do leaf have air spaces?
To allow carbon dioxide to get to the cells
Oxygen to leave them by diffusion
Why are algae aquatic?
They are adapted to photosynthesising in water
They can absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water around them
During photosynthesis how is light energy absorb?
Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from air plus water from soul into a simple sugar called glucose
Produced oxygen as a by product
What does the iodine test for starch show?
Yellowy brown liquid
It turns dark blue when it reacts with starch
You can use this iodine test to show that photosynthesis has taken place
why does iodine shoe photosynthesis has taken place?
It shows starch
The glucose made is converted into insoluble starch and stored
Limiting factors of photosynthesis?
Light
Temperature carbon dioxide
Why does photosynthesis fall after 40-50 degrees?
Enzymes are denatured once the temperature rises
What do plants need carbon dioxide for?
Making glucose
Why do plants respire more at night?
More carbon dioxide at night
How do plants make amino acids?
They do this by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other mineral ions
These amino acids are then built up into proteins to be used in the cells
This used energy from respiration
Why do plants need nitrate and mineral ions?
By combining sugars with nitrate ions and mineral ions
To make amino acids
To be built up into proteins
How do plants use photosynthesis to build fats and oils?
Used in cells as an energy store
Used in cell walls to make them stronger
Used in seeds as energy store (to provide lots of energy for the new plant as it germinates)
Difference between glucose and starch?
Glucose is soluble in water
Starch is insoluble
How is a plant’s ‘food’ moved around the plant?
By the phloem y
What would happen if glucose was not converted to starch in a plant?
It would effect the movement of water in the cells
Why is glucose converted to starch?
Starch has no effect on the water balance of the plant
So plants can store large amounts of starch in their cells
Where insoluble starch kept in a plant?
Tubers
Bulbs
How can you obtain quantitive data on the distribution of organisms?
Random sampling with quadratic
Sampling along a transept
How do you use a transept?
Stretch a tape between two points
Sample at regular intervals using a quadratic
This shows how the distribution of organisms changes along a line
Why would you use quantitive sampling?
To compare the distribution of the same organism on different habitats
The variety of organisms in a number of different habitats
The size of a population of eg plants or slow moving animals
How can a quadrat be used?
Take a number of random readings
Find mean number of organism per m2
This is known as quantitive sampling
How can you create a valid investigation?
Appropriate method of sampling
You should be able to replicate your method every time
Works regardless of who is collecting the data
Appropriate size of data
What should you do when using a quadrat?
Place it RANDOMLY
So that arm representative sample may be taken
As more results are taken there is greater validity and reproducibility
What factors affect the distribution of plants?
Light
Minerals
Water
Ions
