CHAPTER 2 OCCUPANT PROTECTION

Question 1

___________ occurs when a small amount of electrical current flows through the heart for 1-3 seconds.

Answer 1

Electrocution

Question 2

• resemble regular receptacles, but they’re so much more.

• provide a permanent solution to CHILDHOOD SHOCK caused by tampering with electrical outlets.

• feature built-in safety shutters that block FOREIGN from being inserted into the receptacle.

Answer 2

Tamper-Resistant Receptacles

Question 3

• Unintentional flow of electrical current between a power source, such as ungrounded (hot) wire, and a grounded surface.

• Occurs when electrical current leaks or escapes to the ground.

Answer 3

ground fault interruption

Question 4

Water leaking into an electrical box can cause a ground fault since water is a conductor of electricity.

Answer 4

Common Causes of Ground Faults

Question 5

Worn hot wires or hot wires that are not completely seated into their terminals may contact ground wires or grounding devices or boxes.

Answer 5

Common Causes of Ground Faults

Question 6

Without proper insulation, power tools or appliances can cause a ground fault if faulty wiring causes current to flow directly to the ground.

Answer 6

Common Causes of Ground Faults

Question 7

Hot and neutral wires touch

Answer 7

Short Circuit

Question 8

Blows fuse and circuit

-Causes sparks or smoke

Answer 8

Short circuit

Question 9

Hot wires touches ground

-Blows fuses or circuit breaker

-GFCI outlets can send alert

Answer 9

Ground Fault

Question 10

• an electrical device that detects an EXTREMELY LOW LEAK (6 mA) of electrical current (called ground faults) and acts quickly to shut off the power.

• It works by comparing the amount of current going to and returning from equipment along the circuit conductors.

Answer 10

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)

Question 11

• designed to protect the user of an electrical appliance much like a circuit breaker or fuse safeguards the wiring in an electrical system.

Answer 11

GFCI

Question 12

• generally used in place of STANDARD DUPLEX CONVENIENCE OUTLETS that are commonly found throughout the house.

• The most often used “receptacle type” GFCI, similar to a common wall outlet, is the type with which most consumers are familiar.

Answer 12

RECEPTACLE OUTLET TYPE

Question 13

• can be installed in the panelboard in buildings equipped with circuit breakers.

• gives protection to the entire branch circuit.

• By providing overcurrent protection as a circuit breaker and serving to provide GFCI protection, the GFCI circuit breaker serves a dual purpose:

it will interrupt power in the event of a ground fault – it will trip when a short circuit or a power overload occurs.

it will trip when a short circuit or a power overload occurs

Answer 13

CIRCUIT BREAKER TYPE

Question 14

• frequently used in construction and outdoor settings with electric tools, mowers, trimmers, and similar devices.

• It should not be used as a permanent alternative to a regular GFCI.

• They are intended to be used when you must bring power from an UNPROTECTED OUTLET INTO A HAZARDOUS SITUATION

Answer 14

PORTABLE TYPE (GFCI)

Question 15

• unintentional electrical discharge characterized by the LOW and ERRATIC current.

• _______ generates high-intensity heat and expels burning particles, which can easily ignite/ combustible materials. • caused by loose, damaged, or corroded wires and terminals.

• Current residential breakers only detect and react to power overloads, not _____________

Answer 15

ARC FAULT

Question 16

• Occur across the break of a single conductor

• For example, in the case of an electrical wire cut by a nail or screw used to mount a wall hanging.

Answer 16

Series Arcing Faults ( types of arc faults)

Question 17

• Result from direct contact of TWO WIRES OF OPPOSITE POLARITY

• Frayed/ruptured appliances or extension cords • staples or other fasteners that pierce or pinch insulation on construction wire and appliance or extension cords

• Cracked wire or cord insulation caused by age, heat, corrosion, or bending stress

Answer 17

PARALLEL ARCING FAULTS

Question 18

• Arcs between a SINGLE CONDUCTOR and GROUND, such as:

• wire or cords that touch vibrating metal;

• in appliances, wall plugs, or switches where the internal wires are not installed correctly

• where connections became loose

Answer 18

GROUND ARCING FAULTS

Question 19

provides enhanced protection from fires resulting from arc faults.

Answer 19

AFCI

Question 20

• It uses electronics to recognize an arc fault and interrupts the circuit when the fault occurs.

Answer 20

AFCI

Question 21

• detects low-level arc faults that traditional overcurrent protective devices (fuses and circuit breakers) cannot see.

Answer 21

AFCI

Question 22

A branch/feeder AFCI breaker with protection provided to branch-circuit wiring in the form of a circuit breaker.

Answer 22

circuit breaker type

Question 23

An OUTLET AFCI for protecting connected cord sets and power supply cords in the form of an outlet receptacle.

Answer 23

convenience type

Question 24

_________ AFCI for protecting connected cord sets and power-supply cords that can be moved from outlet to outlet.

Answer 24

portable type

Question 25

______________ are for protecting the power-supply cord connected to it

Answer 25

cord-mounted type

Question 26

• The tendency of GFCIs and AFCIs to trip frequently because both of them are extremely sensitive. This can be caused by:

• Appliances that are beginning to fail – should be repaired or replaced.

• ___________ – for this reason, it is not a recommended practice to connect essential equipment and appliances that contain perishable products into an outlet with GFCI or AFCI protection.

Answer 26

Nuisance tripping

Question 27

silent, invisible magnetic fields produced any time electricity runs through a wire, an appliance, or piece of equipment.

Answer 27

Extremely low - frequency electromagnetic fields

Question 28

Produced by high levels of EMF.

• Are visible screen jitter in video displays,

• humming in telephone/audio equipment and data errors.

• Higher levels of EMF can cause computer monitor interference and raise potential health concerns • In the United States, EMF is measured in units called __________ (mG).

• In most of the world and in scientific community, it is measured in ____________ (μT).

1 μT = _________

Answer 28

EMI ( electromagnetic interference), milligauss, microtesla, 10 mG

Question 29

Instrument used in measuring EMF radiation levels from fans, electrical appliances, wiring, and power lines.

• The most significant exposure to EMFs is from household appliances or business equipment, not power lines in the US.

Answer 29

ELF (extremely low-frequency) meter

Question 30

• Shielding of magnetic fields to reduce EMF levels include:

Answer 30

passive and active shielding

Question 31

By using a conductive sheet material in front of the appliance or equipment

Answer 31

Passive shielding

Question 32

uses a system that senses the existence of a magnetic field in the building area to be shielded.

Answer 32

active shielding