Chapter 2: Nationalism & Autonomy Flashcards
What was the political disagreement between the French Canadians and the English Canadians near the end of the 19th century? Identify their reasons. /3(6)
They did nothing t agree on the policies the federal government should adopt with regards to the British empire
French:
Want to sever ties with the British Empire
No longer want to support the UK
English:
Want to continue supporting the British empire
Proud to be part of the British empire by being culturally and historically bound to them
Believed Canada should take part in the British empire’s expansion throughout the world
What thought leads to the results in the idea of French Canadian nationalism?
CAUSE
French Canadians did not share the same sense of belonging to the British empire that many English Canadians felt
Who are imperialists? /3
A person who supports the political, cultural, economic or military domination of one state over another
(British empire over its colonies)
Many English Canadians are imperialists
Imposing an empire’s culture, values, and political institutions on the regions they take over
What is French Canadian nationalism in the 20th century? /7
Questioning the political ties that bound Canada to the British empire
Were demanding that Canada have greater autonomy
Against Canada’s involvement in Britain’s wars
Defend the language rights and religious rights of French Canadian Catholics
Want to keep their distance from the British empire
Henri-Bourassa is a French Canadian Nationalist
Argued that Canada had its own identity
Who is Wilfred Laurier? /4
“An autonomous Canada within the British Canada”
Prime minister 1896-1911
Believe the French Canadian nationalists and English imperialists should focus on what they have in common in order to encourage Canadian unity
Wants to develop Canada
Wants Canada to maintain ties with Britain BUT ALSO wants to promote its au I’m y and independence
How can Wilfred Laurier’s position on Canada’s involvement in the Empire’s wars be associated with his policy of compromise?
Canada’s population as a whole should be able to decide whether or not they will support Britain in military conflicts (wars)
Who are Boers? /2
Descendants of primarily of Dutch colonists who settled in South Africa
Referred today as Afrikaners who make up the majority of South Africa
What is the Boer War 1899? /2
British empire wanted to annex the territories occupied by the Boers which contained large gold deposits
British government called Canada for military support
What effect did Britain calling to Canada for support during the Boer War have on the tension between imperialists and French Canadian nationalists? /5
Spurred up heated debates that increase the tension
French Canadian nationalists opposed Canada’s involvement in the Boer war
French Canadian nationalists and French Canadians felt that the Boer War did not concern Canada
English imperialists supported Canada’s involvement in the Boer War
English imperialists wanted to help Britain by sending troops/soldiers as support
What are conscriptions?
Compulsory/mandatory enlistment in the army
What compromise did Laurier’s government make concerning Canada’s involvement in the Boer War 1899? /3
Refused to impose conscriptions
Only volunteers, many were imperialists, were sent to South Africa to support Britain in the Boer War
About 7000 soldiers volunteered
Identify the cause of creating the first Canadian navy.
/3
A military rivalry emerged between Britain and Germany
Both countries want to prove their power/dominance through the growth of their military strength (number of military support/weapons)
For this rivalry, Britain put a financial role on Canada by asking the Dominion money to fund Britain’s military and navy
What compromise did Laurier’s government make concerning funding Britain’s navy and military? What issues did this compromise face? /2
Canada would establish their own military support and navy which will be available to help Britain in conflicts
Both English imperialists and French Canadian nationalists opposed the creation of the Canadian navy
Why did English imperialists and French Canadian nationalists oppose the creation of the Canadian navy? /2
Imperialists:
Canada should provide direct financial assistance to the United Kingdom
Nationalists:
Worried that creating the navy would result in Canada’s involvement in all of the British Empire’s wars (remember the main demand of French Canadian nationalists)
What consequence came from creating the Canadian navy? /4
It was TOO SMALL
Would not be able to protect Canada from foreign attacks
Would not be able to support Britain
Laurier loses in the following election
How did Laurier’s government further stimulate economic growth in the early 20th century?
Continued to pursue the Macdonald government’s immigration policy
Increased the methods of promoting:
Publishing brochures
Printing posters in several languages
OFFERING FREE LAND TO IMMIGRANTS
Where did most immigrants from the early 20th century originate from? /3
Great Britain 1/3
USA 1/3
Europeans 1/3
Indicate a continuation in immigration between the 19th century and the 20th century. /2
Immigration to the west of Canada
Immigration is used as a method to increase economic growth in Canada
What is a consequence of the high immigration flow in the 20th century? /2
Increase in agricultural Land
Led to the creation of new provinces in 1905:
Alberta
Saskatchewan
What is xenophobia? /2
Hostility or fear toward people of foreign origin
Policies which exclude immigrants based in their race.
|
|-> Canadians want to keep Canada white (THEYRE RACISTS!)
Which race/ethnicity experiences this xenophobia from the Canadians? How did this fear effect them? /2(5)
Asian immigrants (Chinese and Japanese)
Effect:
Canadian government adopts increasingly restrictive measure towards Asian immigrants
Head tax on Chinese immigrants (want them to leave once the CPR is built)
Limited number of Asian immigrants allowed entry in Canada
Asian immigration flow decreases
Identify the cause of the second phase of industrialization. /5
Continuation of maintaining high customs duties in imported goods (protectionism-National Policy)
Large influx of immigration provides an abundant labour force and increases the demand/production of manufactured goods
The development of wheat cultivation in Western Canada (Prairies fertile lands), increases Canada’s wealth
Foreign trade primarily with the USA and the United Kingdom
The development of the war industry for WWI (munition and military equipment factories)
What new natural sources were exploited during the second phase of industrialization? /2
Hydroelectricity
Mining (Zinc, Gold, Silver, Copper, ASBESTOS, etc)
What connection can you make between the development of the railway and the growth of industrial sectors at the beginning of the second phase of industrialization?
Railways are built towards new industrial sectors to have better access to the natural resources
What were the consequences of the second phase of industrialization? /3
New areas of colonization (must be able to identify these areas on a map):
Lac Saint-Jean
Mauricie
Eastern townships
Expansion of railway network
Production now required specialized labour and extensive mechanization
What are royalties? /2
Sum paid by the government by a company that exploites a natural resource
Sum is proportional to the quantity of the resource exploited
Identify the cause and effect of the role of the state. /2(7)
Cause:
Economic liberalism
Effect:
Natural resources are owned by the state
Private companies pay royalties to the state to exploit natural resources
The state makes money off the royalties
Companies make profits
Jobs are created
State encourages foreign investments
Who were the primarily the foreign investors in Canada? /2
United Staes (mostly)
United Kingdom
Identify a consequence regarding foreign trade in the 2nd phase of industrialization. /5
Stimulated the construction and improvement of factories
Create new jobs
Investment in mining, pulp and paper, and hydroelectricity
Diversified Canadian exports
Economic growth
What is monopoly capitalism?
An economic system in which a company can market a product without any competition or assume full control over the production process of this product
Businesses attain exclusive rights to market a product
What is a continuity in the working class between the first phase and second phase of industrialization. /5
Difficult living and working conditions
Disparity between the working class and business class
Territory working districts expanding
The formation/emerging of unions to combat these conditions
Workers are still powerless against employers
Identify a change in unions in the second phase of industrialization/ 20th century. /2
Unions in Québec were mostly members of American union organizations
Catholic Union is established in 1921
How were the unions heard in the second phase of industrialization? /3
STRIKES!
Measure used to put pressure in employers and government | |-> How: 2/3 of workers must vote in favour There is just cause Last resort tactic
What are cooperatives? /5
An organization that promotes the pooling of resources, collective management and profit sharing
Common idea/strategy amongst farmers
Can get loans from the bank
Used to modernize farms (buy machinery)
Promoted by the Catholic Church in pursue of reducing socio-economic inequality
Why de s the Catholic Church form a union in the 20th century? /2
Ensure workers, mostly farmers, respect Catholic principles
Allow a re influence over American unions
What did feminists demand in the 20th century? /6
Greater access to education, particularly in advanced studies and universities
The right to run in elected offices
The right to vote (suffrage)
Better employment opportunities
Higher wages
Gender equality
Who is a suffragette?
A woman who fights for women’s right to vote suffrage)
Which interest groups opposed the feminist movement? /4
Intellectual classes
Clergy
Traditional women
Conservative nationalist
Why did some people oppose the women’s suffrage movement? /3
Advocated respect for traditional values
Believed politics are reserved for men only
Would threaten social order
When were women allowed to vote? /3
In 1916 (Manitoba was first)
In 1940 under Godbout government (Québec was the last Province to accept)
In 1918 (women can vote in federal elections)
Who is Eva Circé-Côté? Who is Marie Lacoste Gérin Lajoie? /2
Eva:
Fought for women’s education and better working conditions
Marie Lacoste:
Fought to improve women’s access to education
Fought for women’s suffrage
