Chapter 2 - Movement Anaylsis Flashcards
Lever
A rigid bar that turns about an axis to create movement.
What do all levers contain
Fulcrum, load, effort
Fulcrum
The fixed point at which a lever turns or is supported. It can also be referred to as the axis
Load
The weight or resistance that the lever must move
Effort
The force required to move the load. It can be referred to as the force.
Load arm
The distance from the load to the fulcrum
Effort arm
The distance from the effort to the fulcrum
Mechanical advantage
- Measures efficiency of a lever
- high advantage = longer effort arm, move large loads with low effort
How is the mechanical advantage calculated
Effort arm/load arm
FLE
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First class levers
- Fulcrum in the middle
- quite close to both effort and the load
Second class lever
- load in the middle
- large load moved with low effort
Third class lever
- effort in the middle
- large range of movement with low effort
- Low mechanical advantage
- longer load arm
Flexion
Angle of the bones at a joint decreases
Where can flexion occur
Shoulder, hip, elbow, knee
Extension
When the angle of the bones at a joint increase
Where does extension take place
Shoulder, elbow, knee, hip
Abduction
The movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
Where does abduction take place
Shoulders and hip
Adduction
When the limb towards the midline of the body.
Where can adduction take place
Hips and shoulder
Dorsiflexion
Takes place at the ankle joint when the foot flexes upwards
Plantar flexion
Takes places at the ankle joint when the foot flexes downwards
Rotation
Circular motion where part of the body turns while the rest remains still.
Where can rotation occur
Hips and shoulders
Axis
An imaginary line through the body around which it rotates. Three types, Sagittal, transverse, longitudinal
Plane
An imaginary line that splits the body in two and depicts the direction of movement. Three types, frontal, transverse, Sagittal
Frontal plane
- Runs left to right
- Divides body into front and back halves
- Works with the sagittal axis
Sagittal axis
- runs horizontally through the body from front to back through belly button
- allows abduction and adduction
- works with the frontal plane
Transverse plane
- divides body in half horizontally
- works with the longitudinal axis
Longitudinal axis
- runs vertically through the body, from head to toe
- allows rotation in an upright position
- works with transverse plane
Sagittal plane
- runs forwards to backwards
- divides body into left and right halves
- works with the transverse axis
Transverse axis
- runs horizontally through body
- from left to right at hips
- allowing flexion, extension
- works with sagittal plane
