Chapter 2: Movement Analysis Flashcards
What is a Fulcrum?
The part of the lever system that pivots; and joints are the fulcrums in the body’s lever systems.
What is resistance?
The load is to be moved by the lever system. Usually, this involves weight when the body’s lever systems are involved.
What is effort?
The force applied to more the resistance or weight. in the body, the effort is the muscles exerting a force.
What is the first class lever?
Found at the elbow joint, where the triceps causes extension o the lower arm.
What is the second class lever?
Found at the ankle, where the gastrocnemius causes plantar flexion.
What is the third class lever?
The majority of the body’s joints are third-class levers, for example, the bicep, acting at the elbow to cause flexion.
What is the acronyms you can use for levers?
123 FLE TGB
123 stands for the lever system
FLE tells us what is in the middle of each lever
TGB tells us what muscle is used for each lever system.
What is mechanical advantage?
The benefit of a lever system of having either a short effort arm, giving rapid movements over a large range of movement, - or a short resistance arm, giving the advantage of moving heavy weight.
What is the equation for mechanical advantage?
Mechanical advantage = effort arm / resistance arm.
If the load arm is longer than the effort arm, would it have a high or low mechanical advantage? Which lever would it be?
Low mechanical advantage
3rd lever
If the effort arm is longer than the load arm, would it have a high or low mechanical advantage? Which lever would it be?
High mechanical advantage
second lever.
What is the agonist?
The prime mover - the muscle that causes movement
What is the antagonist?
The muscle that relaxes to allow the agonist to contract.
What is an isotonic contraction?
Muscle action where the muscle changes length - causes movement
What is an isometric contraction?
Muscle action where the muscle stays the same length - used in balances
What is a concentric contraction?
Isotonic contraction where the muscle shortens
What is a eccentric contraction?
Isotonic contraction where the muscle lengthens - is used to control downward movements
What is the sagittal plane and transverse axis?
Plane and axis for forward and backwards movements - direction for flexion and extension.
E.g., walking, running, leg extension, front somersault, squats, and bicep curls.
What is a frontal plane and sagittal axis?
Plane and axis for side-to-side movements - direction for abduction and adduction.
E.g., Star jump, cartwheel, side bending.
What is a transverse plane and longitudinal axis?
Plane and axis for rotating movement - direction for rotations and spins.
E.g., Discus and hammer throw, 360 degree twit, ice skating spin.
What is the acronyms to remember planes and axis?
Stef fsaa tlr
S - Sagittal
t - transverse
e - extension
f - flexion
f - frontal
s - sagittal
a - adduction
a - abduction
t - transverse
l - longitudinal
r - rotation
What does the deltoid and latissimus dorsi do?
Deltoid: Muscle-causing flexion and abduction at the shoulder
Latissimus Dorsi: Muscle-causing extension and adduction at the shoulder
What does the biceps and triceps do?
Biceps: Muscle-causing flexion at the elbow
Triceps: Muscle causing extension at the elbow
What do the hamstrings and the quadriceps do?
Hamstrings: Group of muscles causing flexion at the knee
Quads: Group of muscles causing extension at the knee.
