Chapter 2: Movement Analysis

Question 1

What is a Fulcrum?

Answer 1

The part of the lever system that pivots; and joints are the fulcrums in the body’s lever systems.

Question 2

What is resistance?

Answer 2

The load is to be moved by the lever system. Usually, this involves weight when the body’s lever systems are involved.

Question 3

What is effort?

Answer 3

The force applied to more the resistance or weight. in the body, the effort is the muscles exerting a force.

Question 4

What is the first class lever?

Answer 4

Found at the elbow joint, where the triceps causes extension o the lower arm.

Question 5

What is the second class lever?

Answer 5

Found at the ankle, where the gastrocnemius causes plantar flexion.

Question 6

What is the third class lever?

Answer 6

The majority of the body’s joints are third-class levers, for example, the bicep, acting at the elbow to cause flexion.

Question 7

What is the acronyms you can use for levers?

Answer 7

123 FLE TGB
123 stands for the lever system
FLE tells us what is in the middle of each lever
TGB tells us what muscle is used for each lever system.

Question 8

What is mechanical advantage?

Answer 8

The benefit of a lever system of having either a short effort arm, giving rapid movements over a large range of movement, - or a short resistance arm, giving the advantage of moving heavy weight.

Question 9

What is the equation for mechanical advantage?

Answer 9

Mechanical advantage = effort arm / resistance arm.

Question 10

If the load arm is longer than the effort arm, would it have a high or low mechanical advantage? Which lever would it be?

Answer 10

Low mechanical advantage
3rd lever

Question 11

If the effort arm is longer than the load arm, would it have a high or low mechanical advantage? Which lever would it be?

Answer 11

High mechanical advantage
second lever.

Question 12

What is the agonist?

Answer 12

The prime mover - the muscle that causes movement

Question 13

What is the antagonist?

Answer 13

The muscle that relaxes to allow the agonist to contract.

Question 14

What is an isotonic contraction?

Answer 14

Muscle action where the muscle changes length - causes movement

Question 15

What is an isometric contraction?

Answer 15

Muscle action where the muscle stays the same length - used in balances

Question 16

What is a concentric contraction?

Answer 16

Isotonic contraction where the muscle shortens

Question 17

What is a eccentric contraction?

Answer 17

Isotonic contraction where the muscle lengthens - is used to control downward movements

Question 18

What is the sagittal plane and transverse axis?

Answer 18

Plane and axis for forward and backwards movements - direction for flexion and extension.
E.g., walking, running, leg extension, front somersault, squats, and bicep curls.

Question 19

What is a frontal plane and sagittal axis?

Answer 19

Plane and axis for side-to-side movements - direction for abduction and adduction.
E.g., Star jump, cartwheel, side bending.

Question 20

What is a transverse plane and longitudinal axis?

Answer 20

Plane and axis for rotating movement - direction for rotations and spins.
E.g., Discus and hammer throw, 360 degree twit, ice skating spin.

Question 21

What is the acronyms to remember planes and axis?

Answer 21

Stef fsaa tlr
S - Sagittal
t - transverse
e - extension
f - flexion

f - frontal
s - sagittal
a - adduction
a - abduction

t - transverse
l - longitudinal
r - rotation

Question 22

What does the deltoid and latissimus dorsi do?

Answer 22

Deltoid: Muscle-causing flexion and abduction at the shoulder
Latissimus Dorsi: Muscle-causing extension and adduction at the shoulder

Question 23

What does the biceps and triceps do?

Answer 23

Biceps: Muscle-causing flexion at the elbow
Triceps: Muscle causing extension at the elbow

Question 24

What do the hamstrings and the quadriceps do?

Answer 24

Hamstrings: Group of muscles causing flexion at the knee
Quads: Group of muscles causing extension at the knee.

Question 25

What do hip flexors and gluteal do?

Answer 25

Hip flexors: Main antagonist at the hip during hip flexion
Gluteal: Main antagonists at the hip during hip extension

Question 26

What does the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius do?

Answer 26

TA: Muscle-causing dorsiflexion at the ankle
Gastrocnemius: Muscle causing plantar flexion at the ankle

Question 27

What is the rotator cuff?

Answer 27

A group of muscles causing rotation at the shoulder