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Micro exam 1 > chapter 2 (midterm) done > Flashcards

chapter 2 (midterm) done Flashcards

chapters 1-5 quiz/ assignments

1
Q

The Five I’s of studying microorganisms include all of the following except _____.

A

Infection

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2
Q

A pure culture contains ______.

A

only one species of microorganism

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3
Q

What type of isolation technique is most effective for the majority of applications?

A

Streak plate

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4
Q

Which of the following will result when 1% to 5% agar is added to nutrient broth, boiled, and cooled?

A

A solid medium

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5
Q

All of the following are examples of different types of microbiological media except

A

petri dish

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6
Q

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A

blood agar

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7
Q

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A

Differential

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8
Q

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A

fastidious

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9
Q

The _____ of the microscope holds and allows selection of the objective lenses.

A

nosepiece

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10
Q

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A

Objective lens

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11
Q

If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950x, what is the magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10x?

A

95x

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12
Q

Magnification is achieved in a compound microscope through the initial magnification of the specimen by the ______ lens. This image is then projected to the ______ lens that will further magnify the specimen to form a virtual image received by the eye.

A

objective; ocular

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13
Q

All of the following are diameters of cells that would be resolved in a microscope with a 0.2 µm limit of resolution except _____.

A

0.1 µm

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14
Q

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A

Electron

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15
Q

The purpose of staining cells on a microscope slide is to ______.

A

add contrast in order to see them better

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16
Q

What do the Gram stain, acid-fast stain, and endospore stain have in common?

A

The outcome is based on cell differences.

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17
Q

Basic dyes are ______

A

attracted to the negatively charged acidic substances of bacterial cells

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18
Q

The Gram staining procedure is best described as a(n) _______ staining technique.

A

differential

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19
Q

In a ____ stain, the dye stains the background, forming a silhouette around the unstained organism

A

Negative

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20
Q

An RN is working at an urban low-income medical clinic when a young woma

(NCLEX) The RN understands that along with a pH test, a microscopic view is needed to perform the ferning test to detect an amniotic fluid leak. The patient sample is prepared on a glass slide and examined under 10x magnification. Which type of microscope will be used to make this observation of the patient sample?

A

Light microscope

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21
Q

An RN is working at an urban low-income medical clinic when a young woma

(NCLEX) When utilizing a light microscope, the specimen on the glass slide must be in proper position to ensure illumination of the specimen for visualization. The glass slide is placed in which of the following positions?

A

Between the condenser lens and the objective lens

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22
Q

An RN is working at an urban low-income medical clinic when a young woma

(NCLEX) The sterile vaginal fluid specimen is sent for culture. The RN educates the patient about the five basic techniques utilized by laboratory technicians to manipulate, grow, examine, and characterize any microorganisms present in the specimen. Which of the following is the correct order of steps for processing the specimen?

A

Inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, and identification

23
Q

An RN is working at an urban low-income medical clinic when a young woma

(NCLEX) The patient asks how microbes from her body can be grown in the lab. The RN explains that specimens are introduced to nutrient medium and that any growth of the microbe that appears after incubating the specimen is called the _____.

A

culture

24
Q

An RN is working at an urban low-income medical clinic when a young woma

(NCLEX) The patient is diagnosed with a bacterial infection after gram-positive cocci are detected in the fluid sample. The Gram stain involves ______.

A

timed, sequential applications of crystal violet dye, iodine, an alcohol rinse, and a contrasting counterstain to the sample

25
Q

An RN is working at a public health clinic that sees many patients with

(NCLEX) A sputum sample is ordered for microbial analysis in order to rule out the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Suspecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis may be the pathogen, the RN knows the laboratory technicians will perform which stain on the sample?

A

Acid-fast stain

26
Q

An RN is working at a public health clinic that sees many patients with

(NCLEX) Ms. Hungh’s acid-fast stain results resulted as inconclusive for the presence of acid-fast bacilli. Culturing of the sputum is performed in order to isolate microbial growth for further analysis. Lowenstein-Jensen medium is utilized to select for the growth of Mycobacterium species if present in the sample, while suppressing unwanted background organisms. What is the proper term for this type of medium?

A

Selective medium

27
Q

An RN is working at a public health clinic that sees many patients with

.(NCLEX) Culturing of the sputum resulted in the growth of distinct colonies and further isolation by subculturing is now needed. The RN understands that isolation is accomplished by taking a bit of growth from an individual colony and inoculating a separate medium, resulting in the production of a(n) _____.

A

pure culture

28
Q

A 65-year-old homeless male presents to an urgent care clinic with a dee

(NCLEX) The patient’s culture results positive for Staphylococcus. The RN understands that the culture most likely required growth on a complex medium, consisting of _______.

A

at least one ingredient that is not chemically defined

29
Q

A 65-year-old homeless male presents to an urgent care clinic with a dee

(NCLEX) Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of grapelike clusters of gram-positive cocci. The RN educates the patient that the species identification of the organism will require biochemical testing, which aids in microbial identification by providing information on cellular metabolism. Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates understanding of the nurse’s teaching?

A

Biochemical tests can provide information about products given off during growth

30
Q

A 65-year-old homeless male presents to an urgent care clinic with a dee

(NCLEX) Cultures and specimens pose a potential health hazard and require proper handling and disposal via specific medical waste policies. Some facilities are regulated to maintain living catalogs of specimens that may be subcultured into a fresh medium for research and educational purposes. Such collections are referred to as _____.

A

stock cultures

31
Q

Ocular
Nosepiece
Objective lens
Mechanical stage
Diaphragm
Light source
Base
Arm
Course focus
Fine focus
Stage adjustment

A
32
Q

(matching)Liquid
Semi liquid
Solid ( can be converted to liquid)
Solid (can not be liquified)

this describes?

A

Physical state

33
Q

(matching)
General purpose
Enriched
Selective
Differential
Aerobic growth
Specimen transport
Assay
Enumeration
this describes?

A

Functional type

34
Q

(matching)
Chemically defined (synthetic)
Complex,not chemically defined
this describes?

A

Chemical composition

35
Q

5 I’s

A

1- Inoculation
2- incubation
3- isolation
4- inspection
5-identification

36
Q

Evaluate the following statements, and select those that correctly apply to the properties of microscopes

A
  1. Light rays with shorter wavelengths enhance the ability to resolve objects that are close together
  2. When observing specimens with the 100x lens, adding a drop of oil to the slide will improve the resolving power, the image will be clear rather than blurry
37
Q

label (left to right)

A

General purpose medium (diffrent species look similar)
Differential medium

38
Q

label (left to right)

A

General purpose medium (many different species grow)
Selective medium

39
Q

simple or differential stain
Methylene blue
Gram stain
Endospore stain
Flagellar stain

A

Methylene blue Simple stain
Gram stain Differential stain
Endospore stain Differential stain
Flagellar stain Special stain

40
Q

. Diagnosis of infections in a hospitalized person is often accomplished via ______. Check all that apply.

A

Microscopy
culture of samples from the patient

41
Q

T/F: Bacteria are larger than human cells.

A

False

42
Q

T/F: Bacteria are only visible with an electron microscope.

A

false

43
Q

The term used to describe a cluster of spherical bacteria is _______.

A

staphylococci

44
Q

What general type of stain is used to separate types of bacteria based on their cellular structures?

A

Differential

45
Q

(video) Why must fresh cells be used when performing a Gram stain?

A

Old cells may not Gram-stain properly

46
Q

(video) After Gram’s iodine is added, what color do the cells appear under a light microscope?

A

All cells appear purple

47
Q

(video) When ethanol is applied correctly, gram-positive cells appear _______ and gram-negative cells appear ________.

A

purple; colorless

48
Q

(video) True or False: The thinner peptidoglycan layer of gram-positive bacteria allows the crystal-violet-iodine complex to leave the cell.

A

False

49
Q

The differential stage of the Gram stain is the application of ______

A

ethanol

50
Q

If the Gram’s iodine step was skipped in Gram stain procedure, what color would the cells likely be when viewed under the microscope?

A

Most cells would appear red/pink

51
Q

True or False: All bacteria can be classified as either gram-positive or gram-negative

A

fasle

52
Q

True or False: The presence of flagella can be determined by a Gram stain.

A

false

53
Q

Rod-shaped bacteria _______.

A

can be either gram-positive or gram-negative

Micro exam 1 (6 decks)

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