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Micro exam 1 > CHAPTER 1 DONE > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 DONE Flashcards

chapters 1-5 quiz/ assignments

1
Q

Which of the following is not considered a microorganism?

A

Mosquito

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2
Q

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A

are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

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3
Q

Living things ordinarily too small to be seen with the unaided eye are termed _____.

A

Microorganisms

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4
Q

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A

prokaryotes

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5
Q

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A

pathogens

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6
Q

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?

A

Lack cell structure

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7
Q

Helminths are _____.

A

parasitic worms

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8
Q

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A

Viruses

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9
Q

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A

a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

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10
Q

The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery was _____.

A

Joseph Lister

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11
Q

Sterility refers to ______

A

having an absence of any life forms and viral particles

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12
Q

Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis?

A

Robert Koch

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13
Q

Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms?

A

Taxonomy

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14
Q

.Which of the following is a scientific name?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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15
Q

Which scientific name is written correctly?

A

Staphylococcus aureus (italics)

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16
Q

ATP is best described as _____.

A

the energy molecule of cells

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17
Q

Characteristics shared by all cells include _____.

A

All of these choices are correct.

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18
Q

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between humans and microbes?

A

Not only do the majority of colonizing bacteria cause no harm to humans, the relationship is beneficial for both microbe and human host

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19
Q

Which of the following statements correctly determines the process when following the scientific method?

A

Formulate question, conduct research, propose hypothesis, test hypothesis

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20
Q

Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells?

A

Nucleus

21
Q

Ms. Smith is a 29-year-old patient at the outpatient psychiatric clinic.

(NCLEX) Microorganisms have inhabited the Earth for billions of years, and can be found inhabiting a variety of environments. In fact, microbes performing anoxygenic photosynthesis led to the oxygenation of early Earth’s atmosphere. These ancient organisms were _____.

A

bacteria

22
Q

Ms. Smith is a 29-year-old patient at the outpatient psychiatric clinic.

(NCLEX) The RN applies therapeutic communication techniques to assess of Ms. Smith’s understanding of the principle of sterility. Her statement of “I need to sterilize myself and my environment of all germs so I do not get sick” would be best followed by which of the following questions by the RN?

A

Can you tell me more about what sterility means to you?

23
Q

Ms. Smith is a 29-year-old patient at the outpatient psychiatric clinic.

(NCLEX) As Ms. Smith progresses with her plan of care, the RN provides education regarding beneficial applications of microbes. Scientists use microbes to produce drugs, hormones, and enzymes. This type of biotechnology involves the transfer of foreign genetic material into a microbe, a process called ________.

A

recombinant DNA technology

24
Q

Wanda is a medical assistant and the newest employee of your healthcare

(NCLEX) Many microbes that inhabit the skin have the potential to cause disease. One such pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus. The genus name of this organism is most properly represented as _____.

A

Staphylococcus

25
Q

Wanda is a medical assistant and the newest employee of your healthcare

(NCLEX) Wanda is receptive to the nurse’s teaching. In reinforcing the prevalence of microbes in our environment, the nurse describes the experiments of Louis Pasteur. Pasteur hypothesized that microbes were in the air and dust. Through experiments using swan-necked flasks, he disproved the concept of ________.

A

spontaneous generation

26
Q

Wanda is a medical assistant and the newest employee of your healthcare

(NCLEX) Hand washing in the healthcare environment is aimed at reducing the number of microbes in the medical setting to prevent the spread of infection and disease. Which of these terms best represents this technique?

A

Asepsis

27
Q

Wanda is a medical assistant and the newest employee of your healthcare

(NCLEX) Viruses may also be transmitted to patients, even though they differ from bacteria in that they are ________.

A

noncellular particles

28
Q

Breonna Jones is 16 years old, 5’4”, and weighs 93 lb. She was admitted

(NCLEX) The nurse implements an extensive nutrition education plan for Breonna, beginning at the molecular level. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four main families of biological molecules referred to as _____.

A

macromolecules

29
Q

Breonna Jones is 16 years old, 5’4”, and weighs 93 lb. She was admitted

(NCLEX) The structure of proteins is complex and unique, and only specific molecules can interact with their surface features. The natural shape of each protein is termed the native state. When proteins are exposed to heat, acid, or alcohol, their shape is disrupted and they become nonfunctional or _____.

A

Denatured

30
Q

Breonna Jones is 16 years old, 5’4”, and weighs 93 lb. She was admitted

(NCLEX) You inform Breonna that it is important for her to maintain a diet rich in carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, so that each of these macromolecules can be metabolized to form a high-energy compound called _____.

A

ATP

31
Q

(matching) 3 things that describe a cell

A

Came from last ancestor
Always have plasma membrane
May have a cell wall

32
Q

(matching) 3 things that describe a virus

A

Genome may have exclusively RNA
Are obligated Parasites
Outer layer is predominantly protein

33
Q

(matching) what is it? and 1 fact

A

Eukaryote
Contains a nucleus and other membrane- bound organelles

34
Q

(matching) what is it? and 2 facts

A

bacteria / Archaea
Cell types that lacks nucleus
Ten times smaller than other cellular microbes (1-10 μm)

35
Q

(matching) what is it? and 2 facts

A

Virus
Acellular particle
Smallest microbe (10-200 nm)

36
Q

Technology that applies the power of microbes toward the manufacture of industrial products, foods, and drugs

A

Biotechnology

37
Q

Newer technology that manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals to create new products and genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

A

Genetic Engineering

38
Q

Process that involves the introduction of microbes into the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants.

A

Bioremediation

39
Q

These molecules were first identified in the 2000s, and appear to play critical roles in regulating what happens in the cell.

A

Small RNA

40
Q

This is a technique developed in the 1980s to make mass copies of DNA for study.

A

PCR

41
Q

Discovered by Daniel Nathans, Werner Arber, and Hamilton Smith in the 1970s, these “molecular scissors” cut DNA in a controlled manner.

A

Restriction enzymes

42
Q

In the 2010s and beyond, this provided detailed information about the microorganisms that live on or in our bodies.

A

HMP

43
Q

Identify the process or environment in this list that is not affected by microorganisms

A

All of these choices have microbial involvement

44
Q

When a hypothesis has been thoroughly supported by long-term study and data, it is considered ______.

A

a theory

45
Q

Based on the infographic above, which of the following statements are true?

A

Less than half of the world’s mortality is due to infectious diseases.

Worldwide, more deaths are due to noninfectious diseases than infectious diseases.

The number of deaths due to infectious disease is lower in the United States than other parts of the world.

46
Q

Analyzing the table above, which of the following statements are true?

A

Worldwide, close to six million people die of infectious diseases every year.
Influenza and pneumonia are major causes of death in the United States and worldwid
More people in the United States die from diseases attributed to lifestyle than diseases attributed to infectious agents.

47
Q

Review the table below, and choose the statements that are correct regarding the top causes of death by disease.

A

Respiratory illness is the leading cause of death by an infectious disease both in the United States and worldwide.
Across the globe, respiratory infections will kill almost half as many individuals as heart disease.
In the United States, the percentage of deaths by infectious disease is lower than the percentage of deaths by infectious disease worldwide.

48
Q

Good luck

A

Micro exam 1 (6 decks)

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