Chapter 2 Methods and History

Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 1

Set up the first psychology lab.

Question 2

Structuralists

Answer 2

…study the structure of the mind and the basic elements of of consciousness. Favored introspection.

Question 3

Introspection

Answer 3

…involves reporting one’s feelings “objectively”.

Question 4

Psychology

Answer 4

Is the scientific study of human behavior and mental process.

Question 5

Edward Titchener

Answer 5

…set up the first psychology lab in the USA.

Question 6

Functionalism

Answer 6

…was created in reaction to structuralism. Functionalism studies how the mind adapts and functions in its environment.

Question 7

William James

Answer 7

…was a functionalist who wrote the first psychology textbook.

Question 8

The Biological Approach

Answer 8

…considers how physiological and biochemical processes influence psychological phenomena.

Question 9

Psychodynamic Approach

Answer 9

…studies unconscious motives (namely sexual and aggressive ones) and the way one copes with the drives.

Question 10

Sigmund Freud

Answer 10

…is the father of psychodynamics.

Question 11

The Behaviorist Approach

Answer 11

…holds that behavior results from learning through experience.

Question 12

Cognitive Approach

Answer 12

…was created in reaction to behaviorism. It focuses on things you cannot observe like memory, thinking, language, and feelings.

Question 13

Humanists

Answer 13

…believe that people are unique and cannot be understood through calculations and that people desire optimal growth.

Question 14

The Experimental Group

Answer 14

…is exposed to the ‘cause’, or receives the real deal

Question 15

The Control Group

Answer 15

…is NOT exposed to the ‘cause’ or the real deal.

Question 16

Independent Variable

Answer 16

In an experiment, the independent variable is the ‘cause’

Question 17

The Dependent Variable

Answer 17

The ‘effect’ in an experiment is the dependent variable.

Question 18

Placebo Effect

Answer 18

The placebo effect happens when subjects in an experiment behave differently b/c they know they’re being exposed to special treatment.

Question 19

Placebo

Answer 19

A placebo is a fake special treatment given to subjects to determine the extent of the placebo effect.

Question 20

Blind Study

Answer 20

A blind study is when subjects don’t know if they are receiving the real deal or a placebo.

Question 21

Double-Blind Study

Answer 21

Double-blind study is when the experimenters don’t know who is receiving the placebo.

Question 22

Correlation studies

Answer 22

Correlation studies assess the relationship between 2 variables.

Question 23

Positive Relationship

Answer 23

A positive relationship means that the high scores of one variable is paired with high scores of another variable, i.e. height and weight.

Question 24

Negative relationship

Answer 24

A negative relationship means that low scores of one variable are paired with high scores of the other variable, i.e. job satisfaction and absenteeism.

Question 25

Case Study

Answer 25

A case study is an in depth analysis of only 1 person.

Question 26

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 26

Naturalistic observation is the study of behavior as it occurs in real life settings. The observers must be unobtrusive and agree on what is happening.