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Veterinary medical terminology > Chapter 2 med term > Flashcards

Chapter 2 med term Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bones
(3)

A

oste/o, oss/e, or oss/i

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2
Q

joints

A

arthr/o

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3
Q

cartilage

A

chondr/o

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4
Q

fascia (2)

A

fasc/i or fasci/o

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4
Q

tendons
(3)

A

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

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5
Q

muscles

A

my/o

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6
Q

heart

A

cardi/o

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7
Q

arteries

A

arteri/o

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8
Q

blood (2)

A

hem/o or hemat/o

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8
Q

veins

A

ven/o or phleb/o

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9
Q

lymph vessels, fluid, and nodes

A

lymph/o

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10
Q

tonsils

A

tonsill/o

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11
Q

spleen

A

splen/o

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12
Q

thymus

A

thym/o

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13
Q

nose or nares (2)

A

nas/o or rhin/o

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14
Q

larynx

A

laryng/o

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14
Q

lungs

A

pneum/o or pneumon/o

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15
Q

trachea

A

trache/o

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15
Q

pharynx

A

pharyng/o

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16
Q

mouth (2)

A

or/o or stomat/o

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17
Q

esophagus

A

esophag/o

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18
Q

stomach

A

gastr/o

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19
Q

small intestine

A

enter/o

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20
Q

large intestine

A

col/o or colon/o

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21
Q

liver

A

hepat/o

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22
Q

pancreas

A

pancreat/o

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23
Q

kidneys

A

ren/o or nephr/o

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24
Q

ureters

A

ureter/o

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25
Q

urinary bladder

A

cyst/o

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26
Q

urethra

A

urethr/o

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27
Q

nerves

A

neur/o or neur/i

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28
Q

brain

A

encephal/o

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29
Q

spinal cord

A

myel/o

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30
Q

eyes
(4)

A

ophthalm/o, ocul/o, opt/o, or opt/i

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31
Q

sight

A

optic/o

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32
Q

ears
(3/2)

A

ot/o, aur/o, or aur/i
audit/o or aud/i

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33
Q

external ear (sound)

A

acoust/o or acous/o

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34
Q

skin
(3)

A

dermat/o, derm/o, cutane/o

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35
Q

adrenals

A

adren/o

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36
Q

gonads

A

gonad/o

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37
Q

pineal

A

pineal/o

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38
Q

pituitary

A

pituit/o

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39
Q

thyroid (2)

A

thyroid/o or thyr/o

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40
Q

testes
(4)

A

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, or testicul/o

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41
Q

ovaries (2)

A

ovari/o, or oophor/o

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42
Q

uterus
(5)

A

hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i, metri/o, or uter/o

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43
Q

nipple or any thin membrane

A

thel/o

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44
Q

tissue

A

hist/o

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45
Q

middle

A

mes/o

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46
Q

fat

A

adip/o

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47
Q

glands

A

aden/o

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48
Q

new

A

ne/o and -neo

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49
Q

study of diseases

A

etiology

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49
Q

first

A

prot/o

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49
Q

-plasm

A

formative material of cells

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49
Q

-oma

A

tumor or neoplasm

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49
Q

-plasia

A

describes formation, development, and growth of tissue and cell NUMBERS

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49
Q

-trophy

A

describes formation, development, and increase in SIZE of tissue/cells

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49
Q

Ventral

A

belly or underside of body or body part

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50
Q

Dorsal

A

refers to the back

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51
Q

Cranial

A

towards the head

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52
Q

Caudal

A

towards the tail

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53
Q

Anterior

A

front of the body
- describes organs or body parts

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54
Q

Posterior

A

rear of the body

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55
Q

Rostral

A

toward nose end of the head

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56
Q

Cephalic

A

pertaining to the head

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57
Q

Medial

A

toward the midline

58
Q

Lateral

A

away from the midline

59
Q

Superior

A

uppermost, above, towards the head

60
Q

Inferior

A

lowermost, below, or toward the tail

61
Q

Proximal

A

nearest the midline or beginning of a structure

62
Q

Distal

A

Farthest from the midline or farthest from the beginning of a structure.

63
Q

Superficial or External

A

near the surface

64
Q

Deep or internal

A

away from the surface

65
Q

palmar

A

caudal surface of the manus (including the carpus)

66
Q

plantar

A

caudal surface of pes (includes tarsus)

67
Q

midsaggital plane or median

A

divides body in equal left/right halves

68
Q

Transverse or horizontal or cross-sectional plane

A

divides body into cranial and caudal parts

69
Q

Dorsal or Frontal or Coronal Plane

A

divides the body into ventral and dorsal

70
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides body into unequal left/right parts

71
Q

anomaly or defect

A

deviation from what is considered normal

72
Q

tissue

A

specialized cells similar in structure and function

73
Q

4 types of tissue

A

Epithelial tissue, Endothelium, Mesothelium, Connective Tissue

74
Q

Epithelial tissue or Epithelium

A

covers internal/external body surfaces in variety of arrangements

75
Q

Endothelium

A

cellular covering that forms lining of internal organs/blood vessels

76
Q

Mesothelium

A

cellular covering that forms lining of serous membranes
ex peritoneum

77
Q

Connective Tissue

A

adds support/structure to the body by holding the organs in place/binds body parts together
ex Adipose or fat

78
Q

Muscle tissue (and 3 types)

A

contains cell material with ability to contract/ relax.
(skeletal, smooth, and cardiac)

79
Q

Nervous tissue

A

cells with ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses

80
Q

anaplasia

A

Change in structure in cells/orientation to each other

81
Q

aplasia

A

lack of development of organ, tissue, or cell

82
Q

Dysplasia

A

abnormal growth or development of organ, tissue or cell

83
Q

Hyperplasia

A

abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in organ tissue or cell

84
Q

Neoplasia

A

abnormal new growth of tissue, where multiplication of cells is uncontrolled and more rapid than normal

85
Q

Atrophy

A

decrease in size or wasting of organ, tissue, or cell

86
Q

Dystrophy

A

defective growth in size of organ tissue or cell

87
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in size of organ tissue or cell

88
Q

Exocrine glands

A

cell groups that secrete chemical substances in to ducts that lead out of the body or organ

89
Q

Endocrine glands

A

cell groups that secrete chemical substances directly into bloodstream

90
Q

Organ

A

part of the body that performs special fuction(s)

91
Q

hypoplasia

A

incomplete or less than normal development in organ tissue or cell

92
Q

benign tumor

A

not reoccuring

93
Q

malignant turmor

A

reoccuring tumor

94
Q

anatomy

A

study of body structure

95
Q

physiology

A

study of body functions

96
Q

pathology

A

study of nature, causes, and development of abnormal conditions.

97
Q

pathophysiology

A

study of changes in functions caused by disease.

98
Q

etiology

A

study of diseases

99
Q

dental arcade

A

how teeth are arranged in the mouth

100
Q

lingual surface

A

tooth surface of mandible that faces the tongue

101
Q

buccal surface

A

aspect of tooth that faces the cheek

102
Q

occlusal surface

A

aspects of the tooth that meet when you chew

103
Q

labial surface

A

aspect of tooth that faces the lips

104
Q

contact surface (2 types)

A

aspect of the tooth that touch other teeth
ex mesial/distal

105
Q

mesial contact surface

A

closest to the midline of dental arcade

106
Q

distal contact surface

A

farthest from midline of dental arcade

107
Q

Palatal surface

A

tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue

108
Q

body cavity

A

a hole or hollow space in the body that contains and protects internal organs

109
Q

cranial cavity

A

contains the brain in the skull

110
Q

thoracic cavity or chest cavity

A

contains heart and lungs w/in ribs btwn neck and diaphragm

111
Q

spinal cavity

A

contains spinal cord (within spinal column)

112
Q

abdominal cavity

A

contains major organs of digestion (btwn diaphragm and pelvic cavity)

113
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

hollow space within abdominal cavity (btwn parietal/visceral peritoneum)

114
Q

pelvic cavity

A

contains reproductive and some excretory systems organs (urinary/rectum) bounded by pelvic bones

115
Q

thorax

A

chest region located btwn neck and diaphragm

116
Q

abdomen

A

portion of body btwn thorax/ pelvis

117
Q

groin AKA inguinal area

A

lower area of abdomen adjacent to thigh

118
Q

membranes

A

thin layer of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity, divide a space or an organ

119
Q

peritoneum (2)

A

membrane lining of walls of abdominal/pelvic cavities/covers some organs
ex visceral/parietal perineum

120
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

inner layer of peritoneum that surrounds abdominal organsp

121
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

122
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

outer layer of peritoneum that lines abdominal/pelvic cavities

123
Q

umbilicus AKA navel

A

pit in the abdominal wall where umbilical cord entered the fetus

124
Q

mesentery

A

layer of peritoneum that suspends parts of intestines in abdominal cavity

125
Q

retroperitoneal

A

means superficial to the peritoneum

126
Q

recumbent

A

laying down

127
Q

dorsal recumbency

A

lying on back

128
Q

left lateral recumbency

A

lying on left side

129
Q

right lateral recumbency

A

lying on right side

130
Q

ventral recumbency AKA sternal recumbency

A

lying on belly

131
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midline

132
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the midline

133
Q

flexion

A

closure of a joint angle or reduction of an angle btwn two bones

134
Q

extension

A

straightening of a joint or increased angle btwn two bones

135
Q

hyperflexion

A

joint is flexed too far- palmar or plantar movements of joint angle

136
Q

hyperextension

A

dorsal movement of the joints beyond the reference angle

137
Q

supination

A

act of rotating limb or body part so palmar surface is turned upward.

138
Q

pronation

A

act of rotating body part so palmar surface is turned downward.

139
Q

rotation

A

circular movement around an axis

140
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

141
Q

cells

A

grouped together to form tissue or organs

142
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

143
Q

protoplasm (what makes it up)

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

144
Q

-plasm

A

formative material of cells

145
Q

prot/o

A

first

146
Q

Cell membrane AKA Plasma membrane

A

structural lining of cell; protects cells contents/regulates what goes in and out of cell

147
Q

Cytoplasm

A

gelatinous material located in cell membrane that is not part of nucleus

148
Q

nucleus

A

structure in a cell- contains nucleoplasm, chromosomes and surrounding membrane

149
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

material in the nucleus

150
Q

chromosomes

A

structures in nucleus composed of DNA (transmits genetic info)

151
Q

congenital

A

something that is present at birth

152
Q

Genetic disorder

A

inherited disease or condition caused by defective genes

153
Q

anomaly

A

deviation from what is considered normal; synonym: defect

154
Q

Tissue

A

specialized cells similar in structure and function

155
Q

histology

A

study of structure, composition and function of tissue

156
Q
A

Veterinary medical terminology (3 decks)

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