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Veterinary medical terminology > ch6 defintions > Flashcards

ch6 defintions Flashcards

1
Q

prognathia

A

mandible that is overshot (aka sow mouth)

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2
Q

brachygnathia

A

shortened mandible (aka parrot mouth)

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3
Q

labia

A

lips (singular labium)

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4
Q

buccal

A

pt or directed towards cheeck

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5
Q

rugae

A

mucous membranes with irregular folds (hard palate/stomach)

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6
Q

palate parts

A

hard: bony/rostral AND soft: flexible/caudal (closes off nasal during swallowing)

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7
Q

tongue’s job

A

grooming, tasting, articulating sound, processing food

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8
Q

Papillae types

A

filiform (threadlike), fungiform (mushroom like), vallate (cupshaped) latter two contain taste buds

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9
Q

frenulum

A

connective band of tissue (tongue to ventral surface of oral cavity)

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10
Q

dentition

A

how teeth are arranged in mandibular and maxillary arcades

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11
Q

deciduous dentition

A

baby teeth

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12
Q

permanent dentition

A

adult teeth

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13
Q

retained deciduous dentition

A

unshed baby tooth

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14
Q

4 types of teeth

A

1 incisor (front/used for cutting): abbrev I
2 canine, fang, or cuspid: one point, abbrev C
3 premolar or bicuspids: two points, abbrev P
4 molar: grinding use, abbrev M

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15
Q

Dental formula

A

how animals number/type of teeth written in shorthand
* add all together is total dentition (teeth count)

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16
Q

Triadan system

A

each tooth has 3 digit number
* Pt upper: right/left/, lower: left/right

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17
Q

Tooth parts crown

A

enamel; hard/bonelike
dentin: connective tissue surrounding pulp
pulp (tooth middle): nerves/blood vessels/loosed connective tissue

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18
Q

tooth parts neck

A

gingiva: gums/ forms mouth lining
gingival margin:

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19
Q

tooth parts roots

A

cementum: (bone like/connective tissue, covers root)
apical foramen: where nerves/ blood vessels enter tooth
alveolar bone: compact bone- forms tooth socket (singular alveoli)
periodontia: structures that support teeth
periodontal ligament: collagen fibers anchors to cementum/bone

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20
Q

achalasia

A

inability to relax smooth muscles of gi(esophagus- hard to swallow food)

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21
Q

adontia

A

no teeth

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22
Q

aerophagia

A

swallowing air

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23
Q

anal sacculitis

A

inflammation of anal sacs

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24
Q

inspissation

A

thickening or dry anal gland fluid (in animals with anal sacculitis)

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25
Q

anorexia

A

lack/loss of appetite

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26
Q

ascariasis

A

roundworm infestation

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27
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in abdomen

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28
Q

atresia

A

narrowing, blockage, or absence of normal body opening or tubular organ

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29
Q

bloat

A

gas accumulation in
-stomach (monogastric)
-or in rumen, abomasum, or cecum (ruminants) AKA ruminal tympany

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30
Q

borborymus

A

rumbling noise in GI tract (gas movement)

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31
Q

bruxism

A

involuntary grinding teeth

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32
Q

cachexia

A

general ill health/malnutrition (describes cancer PT condition)

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33
Q

cholecystisis

A

inflammation of gall bladder

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34
Q

cirrhosis

A

disease that disturbs function/ structure of liver

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35
Q

colic

A

severe abdominal pain

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36
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of colon

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37
Q

constipation

A

prolonged GI transit time- hard/dry stool

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38
Q

coprophagia

A

eat poop

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39
Q

cribbing

A

complusive equine behavior… bite object (like fence)/air inhaled

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40
Q

dehydration

A

excessive loss of body water or fluid

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41
Q

dental calculus/ or tartar

A

mineralized deposit on teeth

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42
Q

dental caries

A

cavity- decay/decalcification= hole in tooth

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43
Q

diarrhea

A

abnormal frequency/liquidity of poop

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44
Q

displaced abomasum

A

(ruminants disease) 4th stomach compartment trapped under rumen
-LDA (left)- more common
-RDA (right)

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45
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of pouch or pouches in the wall of a tubular organ.
–um: pouch
–a: pouches

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46
Q

dyschezia

A

difficulty pooping

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47
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty eating or swallowing

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48
Q

emaciation

A

wasting or excessive leanness

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49
Q

emesis

A

vomiting
–contents vomited: vomitus

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50
Q

Abbreviations: to take orally

A

Per os or PO

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51
Q

Abbreviations: to take nothing orally

A

NPO

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52
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of small intestine

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53
Q

entercolitis

A

inflammation of small and large intestine

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54
Q

epulsis

A

benign tumor coming from periodontal mucous membranes

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55
Q

eructation

A

belching or raising gas orally from stomach

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56
Q

esophageal reflux AKA GERD

A

return of stomach contents to esophagus

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57
Q

eviscerate

A

remove or expose internal organs

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58
Q

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency AKA EPI

A

metabolic disease where pancreas doesn’t secrete adequate amount of digestive enzymes
-symptoms: weight loss, fatty stools, borborygmus

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59
Q

fecalith AKA coprolith

A

stone like fecal mass

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60
Q

flatulance

A

excessive gas in gastrointestinal tract

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61
Q

gastric dialation

A

stomach fills with air/expands
-seen in deep chested canines

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62
Q

gastric dialation voluvus aka GDV

A

stomach fills with air/ expands/ stomach twists on itself

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63
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of stomach

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64
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of stomach and small intestines

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65
Q

gingival hyperplasia

A

overgrowth of gingiva, results in hard, nonpainful swellings of gingiva

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66
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of gums

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67
Q

glossitis

A

inflammation of tongue

68
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

69
Q

hematochezia

A

bloody stools

70
Q

hemoperitoneum

A

blood in the peritoneum

71
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

72
Q

hepatoma

A

liver tumor

73
Q

hepatomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the liver

74
Q

hiatal hernia

A

protrusion of part of stomach thru esophageal opening in diaphragm

75
Q

hydrops AKA dropsy

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues or body cavity

76
Q

hyperglycemia

A

elevated blood sugar levels

77
Q

hypoglycemia

A

depressed blood sugar levels

78
Q

ileitis

A

inflammation of the ileum

79
Q

ileus

A

stoppage of intestinal peristalsis

80
Q

impaction

A

Something that is tightly wedged into a body or body part

81
Q

inappetence

A

lack of desire to eat

82
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control

83
Q

inguinal hernia

A

protrusion of bowel thru inguinal canal
—protrusion seen in groin

84
Q

intussusception

A

telescoping of one part of intestine into another adjacent

85
Q

jaundice AKA icterus

A

yellow discoloration of skin/mucous membranes

86
Q

lethargy

A

drowsiness/ indifference

87
Q

malabsorption

A

impaired uptake of nutrients from intestine

88
Q

malocclusion

A

abnormal contact between teeth

89
Q

megacolon

A

abnormally enlarged colon

90
Q

megaesophagus

A

abnormally enlarged esophagus

91
Q

melana

A

black stools contained digested blood from upper gi

92
Q

nausea

A

stomach upset or urge to vomit

93
Q

obstruction

A

complete stoppage or impairment to passage

94
Q

oronasal fistula

A

abnormal opening between oral / nasal cavity

95
Q

palatoschisis aka cleft palate

A

congenital fissure of roof of mouth
- may involve upper lip, hard or soft palates

96
Q

perforating ulcer

A

erosion thru entire thickness of a surface

97
Q

periapical abcess

A

inflammation of tissues/ collection of pus surrounding apical portion of tooth root due to pulpal disease

98
Q

periodontitis

A

inflammation of tissue surrounding teeth

99
Q

pica

A

eating or licking abnormal substances

100
Q

plaque

A

small differentiated area on body surface
- in GI: mixed colony of bacteria, leukocytes, and salivary products that adhere to tooth enamel (dental plaque)

101
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst or drinking

102
Q

polyp

A

small growth on a mucous membrane

103
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating or swallowing

104
Q

Lesser omentum

A

A type of folded peritoneum that connects the stomach to other visceral organs.

105
Q

Greater omentum

A

A type of peritoneum that attaches the stomach to the dorsal abdominal wall (apron)

106
Q

Mastification

107
Q

Material taken in orally

108
Q

Three names for excessive salivation

A

Ptyalism, hypersialosis, hypersalivation

109
Q

Deglutition

A

Process of swallowing

110
Q

Another name for pharynx

111
Q

Sphincter

A

Ring-Like muscle that constricts an opening

112
Q

Glandular stomach AKA true stomach (in monogastric/ruminants)

A

Produces secretions for digestion
All animals have:
-monogastric: only one stomach
-ruminants: Abomasum

113
Q

Intestinal Flora

A

Normal microorganisms that reside in the gastrointestinal tract

114
Q

Cud

A

Regurgitated food particles, fiber, rumen fluid, and rumen microorganisms

115
Q

Rumen aka paunch

A

Largest compartment, serves as fermentation vat
- two parts: ventral sac and dorsal sac

116
Q

Reticulum AKA honeycomb

A

2ND stomach compartment. Most cranial compartment , lined with mucous membrane which contains numerous intersecting ridges

117
Q

Abomasum aka true stomach

A

Fourth compartment ruminant stomach. Chyme is made here.
- contains: hydrochloric acid, glandular, secretes digestive enzymes (protease, pepsin, lipase)

118
Q

Omasum

A

Third compartment ruminant stomach.
- Short blunt papillae that grind food
-has contractions which squeeze fluid out of food

119
Q

Mesentery

A

Peritoneal fold, attaches small intestine to dorsal abdominal wall.

120
Q

Chyle

A

Partially digested food in small intestine which becomes a Milky fluid

121
Q

Haustra

A

Acts as buckets and slows down material. So microbes have more digestion time

122
Q

Teniae

A

Longitudinal smooth muscle bands in the cecal wall (horses/pigs)

123
Q

Flexures

A

Bends or curves

124
Q

Ballottement

A

Diagnostic technique hitting or tapping wall of fluid-filled structure against solid structure. Determines pregnancy and abdominal contents

125
Q

Incisional

A

Part of tissue is removed and examined

126
Q

Excisional

A

Entire tissue is removed

127
Q

Preprandial versus postprandial blood tests

A

pre is before eating, post is after eating

128
Q

Esophagoscopy

A

Endoscopic exam of esophagus

129
Q

Gastroscopy

A

Endoscopic view of inner surface of stomach

130
Q

Hemoccult

A

A test for hidden blood in stool
(Occult meanshidden)

131
Q

Ultrasound

A

Imaging of internal body structures by recording echoes of sound waves

132
Q

Radiography of GI system

A

Shows foreign bodies, torsions, organ distension or enlargement, and some masses

133
Q

Elevated amylase levels…

A

Indicates pancreatitis

134
Q

Abdominocentesis

A

Surgical puncture to remove abdominal fluid

135
Q

Abomasopexy

A

Surgical fixation of abomasum of ruminance to abdominal wall

136
Q

Anastomosis

A

Surgical connection between two tubular or hollow structures

137
Q

Anoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the anus

138
Q

Bolus

A

Rounded mass of food or large pharmaceutical preparation or to give something rapidly

139
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

140
Q

Colectomy

A

Surgical removal of the colon

141
Q

Colostomy

A

Surgically created opening between: and body surface

142
Q

Colotomy

A

Surgical incision in the colon

143
Q

Crown or cap

A

Teeth restoration. Materials cemented in place can cap or completely cover tooth

144
Q

Drench

A

Give medication in liquid form orally and forcing the animal to drink

145
Q

Enterostomy

A

Surgically created opening between small intestine and abdominal wall

146
Q

Esophagoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the esophagus

147
Q

Gastroduodenostomy

A

Surgical removal of part of the stomach and duodenum and making a connection between them

148
Q

Gastrectomy/ partial gastrectomy

A

Surgical removal of all are part of stomach.

149
Q

Float

A

Instrument used to file a horse’s premolar or molar. Also describes the procedure

150
Q

Ileostomy

A

Surgically created opening between illium and abdominal wall

151
Q

Ileectomy

A

Surgical removal of the ilium

152
Q

Hepatatomy

A

Incision into the liver

153
Q

Gingivectomy

A

Surgical removal of the gums tissue

154
Q

Gavage

A

Forced feeding or irrigation through a tube passed into the stomach

155
Q

Stoma

A

An opening created during a gastrostomy.

156
Q

Effluent

A

Discharge or flow from a stoma, created by a stomy surgery

157
Q

Laparotomy

A

Abdominal incision

158
Q

Nasogastric intubation

A

Placement of tube through the nose into the stomach

159
Q

Orogastric intubation aka stomach tube

A

Placement of tube from the mouth into the stomach

160
Q

Palatoplasty

A

Surgical repair of a cleft palate

161
Q

Trocarization

A

Insertion of a pointed instrument (trocar) into body, cavity or organ thru a cannula (rigid hollow tube). So minimally invasive.
-Used for acute cases of bloat
- in ruminal bloat it is called ruminal paracentesis

162
Q

Peristalsis

A

Series of wavelike contraction of smooth muscle.
-Ex food moves down the esophagus by gravity and peristalsis

163
Q

Pelvic flexure

A

Bend in the: near the pelvis

164
Q

Diaphragmatic flexure

A

Bend in the: near the diaphragm.

Veterinary medical terminology (6 decks)

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