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CNA > Chapter 2 Key terms > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Key terms Flashcards

1
Q

subjective information

A

: information that a person cannot or did not observe, but is based on
something reported to the person that may or may not be true; also called symptoms

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2
Q

incontinence

A

the inability to control the bladder or bowels.

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3
Q

clichés

A

phrases that are used over and over again and do not really mean anything.

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4
Q

defense mechanisms

A

unconscious behaviors used to release tension or cope with stress.

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5
Q

culture

A

a system of learned beliefs and behaviors that is practiced by a group of people and is
often passed on from one generation to the next.

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6
Q

mental health disorder

A

a disorder that affects a person’s ability to function and often causes
inappropriate behavior; confusion, disorientation, agitation, and anxiety are common symptoms.

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6
Q

impairment

A

a loss of function or ability.

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7
Q

mental health

A

the normal functioning of emotional and intellectual abilities.

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8
Q

combative

A

violent or hostile.

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9
Q

posture

A

the way a person holds and positions his body.

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9
Q

body mechanics

A

the way the parts of the body work together when a person moves.

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10
Q

fracture

A

a broken bone

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10
Q

disorientation

A

confusion about person, place, or time.

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11
Q

scalds

A

burns caused by hot liquids.

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12
Q

abrasion

A

an injury that rubs off the surface of the skin.

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13
Q

Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)

A

a federal government agency that
makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job.

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13
Q

conscious

A

the state of being mentally alert and having awareness of surroundings, sensations,
and thoughts.

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14
Q

first aid

A

emergency care given immediately to an injured person by the first people to respond in
an emergency.

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14
Q

obstructed airway

A

a condition in which something is blocking the tube through which air enters
the lungs.

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15
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

medical procedures used when a person’s heart or lungs
have stopped working

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16
Q

abdominal thrusts

A

method of attempting to remove an object from the airway of someone who
is choking

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16
Q

cyanotic

A

blue or gray, in reference to skin color.

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17
Q

shock

A

a condition that occurs when organs and tissues in the body do not receive an adequate
blood supply.

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18
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI)

A

a condition that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive
enough oxygen because blood flow to the heart is blocked; also called heart attack.

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19
Q

syncope

A

loss of consciousness; also called fainting.

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20
Q

insulin reaction

A

complication of diabetes that can result from either too much insulin or too little
food; also known as hypoglycemia.

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21
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

a complication of diabetes that is caused by having too little
insulin in the body.

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22
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

a condition that occurs when blood supply to a part of the
brain is blocked or a blood vessel leaks or ruptures within the brain; also called stroke.

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22
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA

A

a warning sign of a CVA/stroke resulting from a temporary
lack of oxygen in the brain; symptoms may last up to 24 hours.

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23
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis on one side of the body.

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24
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness on one side of the body

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25
Q

microorganism (MO)

A

a living thing or organism that is so small that it can be seen only through
a microscope.

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26
Q

expressive aphasia

A

trouble communicating thoughts through speech or writing.

27
Q

direct contact

A

a way of transmitting pathogens through touching the infected person or his or
her secretions.

27
Q

emesis:

A

the act of vomiting, or ejecting stomach contents through the mouth and/or nose

27
Q

infection prevention

A

the set of methods practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control
the spread of disease.

28
Q

receptive aphasia

A

difficulty understanding spoken or written words.

28
Q

causative agent

A

a pathogenic microorganism that causes disease.

28
Q

infection

A

the state resulting from pathogens invading the body and multiplying.

28
Q

mode of transmission

A

the method of describing how a pathogen travels.

28
Q

pathogens

A

microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease.

28
Q

chain of infection

A

way of describing how disease is transmitted from one human being to
another.

29
Q

localized infection

A

an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local
symptoms.

29
Q

systemic infection

A

an infection that is in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body,
causing general symptoms.

29
Q

healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

A

an infection acquired within a healthcare setting during
the delivery of medical care.

29
Q

reservoir

A

a place where a pathogen lives and multiplies

29
Q

portal of exit

A

any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave.

30
Q

indirect contact

A

a way of transmitting pathogens by touching an object contaminated by the
infected person.

31
Q

portal of entry

A

any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter.

32
Q

mucous membranes

A

the membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body,
such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, or genitals.

33
Q

susceptible host

A

an uninfected person who could get sick.

33
Q

transmission

A

passage or transfer.

34
Q

infectious

A

contagious.

35
Q

medical asepsis

A

measures used to reduce and prevent the spread of pathogens

35
Q

personal protective equipment (PPE)

A

equipment that helps protect employees from serious
workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards.

35
Q

communication

A

the process of exchanging information with others by sending and receiving
messages.

36
Q

clean

A

in health care, a condition in which objects have not been contaminated with pathogens.

36
Q

doff

A

to remove

36
Q

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC

A

a federal government agency that issues
guidelines to protect the health of individuals and communities.

36
Q

surgical asepsis

A

the state of being completely free of all microorganisms; also called sterile
technique.

36
Q

Standard Precautions

A

a method of infection prevention in which all blood, body fluids,
nonintact skin, and mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected with an infectious
disease.

37
Q

sharps

A

needles or other sharp objects

37
Q

perineal care

A

care of the genital and anal area.

37
Q

sputum

A

thick mucus coughed up from the lungs.

37
Q

dirty

A

: in health care, a condition in which objects have been contaminated with pathogens.

37
Q

hand hygiene

A

washing hands with soap and water and using alcohol-based hand rubs.

37
Q

Transmission-Based Precautions

A

method of infection prevention used when caring for persons
who are infected or may be infected with a disease.

37
Q

Clostridioides difficile (C. diff, C. difficile):

A

a bacterium that is spread by spores in feces that are
difficult to kill; it causes symptoms such as diarrhea and nausea and can lead to serious
inflammation of the colon (colitis).

37
Q

don

A

to put on.

37
Q

nonintact skin

A

skin that is broken by abrasions, cuts, rashes, pimples, lesions, surgical incisions,
or boils.

37
Q

sterilization

A

a cleaning measure that destroys all microorganisms, including pathogens.

37
Q

disinfection

A

: process that destroys most, but not all pathogens; it reduces the pathogen count to a
level that is considered not infectious.

37
Q

bloodborne pathogens

A

microorganisms found in human blood, body fluid, draining wounds,
and mucous membranes that can cause infection and disease in humans.

37
Q

disposable

A

only to be used once and then discarded.

37
Q

VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococcus)

A

bacteria (enterococci) that have developed
resistance to the antibiotic vancomycin.

37
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol
abuse, some medications, and trauma

37
Q

MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

A

bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) that
have developed resistance to many antibiotics.

37
Q

tuberculosis (TB):

A

a highly contagious lung disease caused by a bacterium that is carried on
mucous droplets suspended in the air; usually affects the lungs and causes coughing, trouble
breathing, weight loss, and fatigue.

37
Q

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease)

A

a droplet and airborne disease transmitted through droplets and
particles produced by an infected person; often characterized by respiratory symptoms and capable of
progressing to severe symptoms, even death, especially in people who are older, have underlying health
conditions, or are unvaccinated.

37
Q

verbal communication

A

communication involving the use of spoken or written words or sounds.

37
Q

nonverbal communication

A

communication that does not use words.

37
Q

objective information

A

information based on what a person sees, hears, touches, or smells; also
called signs.

CNA (7 decks)

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