Chapter 2: Internal Anatomy of the brain and ventricles Flashcards
What are ventricles?
they are holes found deep within the brainstem filled with CSF
Parts of the lateral ventricle
anterior horn (found in frontal lobe) body (found in parietal lobe) posterior horn (found in occipital lobe) inferior horn (found in temporal lobe)
Third ventricle
where the thalmus lies
lower portion of the third ventricle is where the hypothalmus lies
cerebral aqueduct
skinny tube-like structure that connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles
Pathway of CSF
flows throughout the lateral ventricle and goes to the brain via the subarachnoid space and down the spinal cord
roof of the lateral ventricle
corpus callosum
floor of the lateral ventricle
head of the caudate
-which is part of the basal ganglia
role of the basal ganglia
voluntary motor control
thinking
helps the cortex function
parts of the basal ganglia
head of the caudate
globus pallidus
substantia nigra
internal capsule
major axonal highway that seperates the caudate and carrys vital info
Where and how does the internal capsule carry information?
this bottleneck of myelinated axons that spread out as they rise up carry information from the thalmus to the cortex and from the cortex to the thalmus, brainstem and spinal cord
What occurs when there is damage to the internal capsule?
symptoms of sensory loss and paralysis
What forms the lateral walls of the third ventricle?
the thalmus
What is the structure of the thalmus?
a group of a group of nuclei
What is found below the thalmus?
the hypothalmus
Role of the hypothalmus
major controller of the ANS
endocrine function
What is the anterior portion of the 3rd ventricle?
the anterior fissure
What does the anterior fissure connect?
the right and left temporal lobes
What sits right below the hypothalmus?
the mammillary body
What forms the medial border of the inferior horn?
the hippocampus; which is found in the parahippocampal gyrus
Role of the hippocampus
processing area for new, explicit memories
learning facts and remembering events
What happens if there is damage to both hippocampi?
you can not form new memories
What does the posterior commisure connect?
the right and left midbrain
What is the fornix?
a large fiber tract of myelinated axons that come out of the hippocampus to come up and round the thalmus and dive through the hypothalmus and synapse in the mammillary bodies, which are part of the hypothalmus
—–memory formation pathway
When does a stop at the thalmus occur?
when things are going to the cortex
When is there NO stop at the thalmus?
upper motor neurons ——-> lower motor neurons
What lies in front of the inferior horn?
the amygdala; which is a cluster of many nuclei found in the uncus
Where are the pyramids found?
on the ventral side at the level of the medulla
Role of the pyramids
axons of upper motor neurons that are involved with voluntary movement
