Chapter 2: Inorganic Chem

Question 1

Define matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass or takes up space

Question 2

Define atom and list and describe the three subatomic particles.

Answer 2

An atom is the smallest unit of and element that retains its physical and chemical properties.
The three subatomic particles:
1. Protons-positive charge, resides in nucleolus
2. Neutrons- neutral (uncharged), resides in nucleolus
3. Electrons- negative charge, orbits around nucleus in electron shell

Question 3

What is the atomic mass unit for each of the subatomic particles?

Answer 3

Proton- 1 amu
Neutron- equal to protons mass, 1 amu
Electron- 0 amu, have a negative charge of -1.

Question 4

Define atomic number

Answer 4

Atomic number is equal to the number of protons. Number at the top of the element cards.

Question 5

Define atomic mass

Answer 5

the number of protons and neutrons

Question 6

How do you find the number of neutrons?

Answer 6

Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass. Always round up.

Question 7

Define isotopes

Answer 7

an atom of the same element but has a different number of protons.

 Atom: protons- 13                   Isotope atom: protons- 14
            neutrons- 6                                           neutrons- 6

Question 8

Define compound and ion

Answer 8

Compounds- molecules made of different atoms. Consists of two or more elements chemically bonded.
Ion- attraction between a positive and negative ion. A charged particle

Question 9

Name and describe the three different types of bonding.

Answer 9

Covalent bonding- atoms share electrons to fill their shells.
Ionic Bonding- atoms donate or take electrons to fill their shell. Results in formation of positive or negative ions.
Hydrogen Bonding- a hydrogen element that is covalently bonded to a negatively charged element.

Question 10

Characteristics of water

Answer 10

Water: universal solvent, is a polar molecule, is cohesive and adhesive, frozen water is less dense than liquid water.

Question 11

Polar covalent binding vs non polar covalent bonding. What is S+ and S-?

Answer 11

Polar covalent bonding: a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms.
Non polar covalent bonding: a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally between two atoms.
S+ and S-: describes which water molecule is positive and which is negative.

Question 12

Glycosidic bond, peptide bond, high-energy phosphate bond.

Answer 12

Glycosidic bond: type of bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule to some other group
Peptide bond: links two alpha amino acids from Carbon 1.
High-energy phosphate bond: pyrophosphate bonds, acid anhydride linkages formed by taking phosphoric acid derivatives and dehydrating them

Question 13

Acids:

Answer 13

dissociate in water releasing hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 14

Bases:

Answer 14

substances that take up hydrogen ions (H+) or release hydroxide ions (OH-)

Question 15

NaOH is a ____ base

Answer 15

strong

Question 16

Define buffer

Answer 16

solution that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added to it. It is important pH values stay within a narrow range.