Chapter 2 Continued: Organic Chem Flashcards
Name the four classes of organic molecules found in cells
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Describe the processes by which organic molecules are assembled and disassembled:
Hydrolyis reaction is when the organic molecules are disassembled. It is the addition of water to break the macromolecules into their subunits. LARGE TO SMALL.
Dehydration reaction is when the organic molecules are assembled. It is the removal of water and links subunits together into macromolecules. SMALL TO LARGE.
Carbohydrates are _____. Subunits/monomers are _____
Carbs are polysaccharides.
Monomers are monosaccharides and disaccharides.
Two monomers are joined by a:
glycosidic bond.
Glucose is a ____. Maltose is a ______
Glucose is a monosaccharide.
Maltose is a disaccharide.
Define starch
energy storage in plants
Define cellulose.
structure in plant cell walls
Define glycogen
Energy storage in animals, made up of polymers of glucose.
What are some functions of lipids?
Energy storage, insulation, and cushioning.
Define hydrophobic and do lipids resolve in water?
“water fearing.” repeals against water, molecules that are hydrophobic cannot dissolve in water. Lipids are hydrophobic.
Define emulsification.
allows enzymes to full break down triglycerides.
What are the parts of a triglyceride?
made of one glycerol and 3 fatty acids.
What are saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and trans fatty acids?
Saturated: have NO double covalent bonds, they are SATURATED with HYDROGEN.
Unsaturated: have ONE or MORE double covalent bond because HYDROGENS are MISSING.
Trans fatty acids: contains a trans double bond between carbon atoms.
What is a phospholipid? Where are they found in the cell?
have one glycerol and 2 fatty acids. have a polar hydrophilic head and 2 hydrophobic tails. found in the plasma membrane.
What class of organic molecules does a steroid belong to? How would you describe its unique structure?
The steroid belongs to lipids. Steroids have 4 rings together.
