Chapter 2 : Innate Immunity Flashcards
compare and contrast the innate immune system with the adaptive. what do they both have in common?
4 major families of cellular receptors of innate immunity:
Toll like receptors
NOD like receptors
C-type lectin receptor
RIg like receptors
which innate immune cells are these receptors epressed on?
which ones are intracellular or extracellular?
Toll like receptors recruit adaptor proteins which recruit transcription factors. (1) IFN alpha/beta for viral infections and (2) NFKB which increases cytokine and chemokine production for inflammation.
IL-10
puts the brakes on. think 10 is when.
produced by macophages M2 (remember IL 4 and 10 do this M2 alternative activation of macrophage) and DC, and regulatory T cells. Inhibits IL12 proeduction and reduced co-stimulator expression (therefore used by Regulatory T cell)
also used by TH2.
explain gout
PRovide 3 examples of how epithelial barriers provide a defense
- tight junctions.
- secrete mucins
- defensins and cathelecidins antibiotics
- intrepithelial lymphocytes sit htere and respond quickly. these are specifically gamma-delta T cells
what are the 2 phagocytes of the innate immunity?
how are they different?
neutrophil is part of granulocytes along with eosinophils and basophils. usually first responder. short half life in blood. these are stimulated by GM-CSF.4,000-10,000 per microliter
macrophages/monocytes are much less abundant and they are from bone marrow stem cell–> monocyte–> macrophage (or osteoclasts, microglia, alveolar, kupffer cells)
-long half life
bridge btwn innate and adaptive immunity?
dendrite and other APC
dendrite is professional because provides costim
what do natrual killer cells do?
what makes them different than T lymphocytes
are they part of innate or adaptive immune system?
make up what percent of lymphocytes inblood?
what chemokine do they secrete?
what cytokine are they response/promoted by?
natural killer cells are 10% of lymphocyes in blood.
no T cell receptor
mechanism: throw up contents next to cell and those enter the virus infected cell and kill it. same mechanism as CTL.
secrete IFNgamma.
respond to IL-12 from macrophages as trigger to kill.
when you think of inflammation, which macrophage pathway is that?
which cytokines/chemokines involved?
when you think of dampening, which pathwway? Classic or alternative?
which cytokines/ chemokines?
m1 is classically and is inflammation. think IL-12, IL1, IL23, and IFNgamma of the NK
m2 is alternative and is dampening. think IL-10, IL 13, IL4, TGFbeta
what are NK cell inhibitory receptors?
which cells express these?
how is this related to cancer
which ligands are activating for NK cells?
expressed by self class I MHC on all healthy nucleated cells. THese stop them from being killed by NK. cancer cells stop expressing self antigens so get killed by NK.
KIR and NKG2 are 2 families. and the CD94 protein
NKG2D is activating and expressed in cell stress.
what cytokines do macrophages secrete for NK cells?
IL-12 to stimulate them and
IL-15 for proflieration of NK cells
complement uses __ for opsonization
___ for leukocyte recruitment and
___ for lysis
C3a and C5a for leukocyte recruitment
C3b for opsonization
MAC for lysis
what is ADCC
antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity where CD16 IgG antibodies are killed. done by NK cell.
what are B1 cells?
what are marginal zone B cells?
what are NK T cells?
B1- mucous cavity and make antibody and IgM.
marginal zone B cells in edges of lymphoid follicles inthe spleen. respond to blood bonrne polysaccharide riech microbes
NK T cells are in epithelia and lymphoid organs, recognize microbial lipids bound to CD1.
What is C reactive protein
why is it used as marker for chronic inflmmation?
recognizes phosphorylcholine in microbes for phagocytosis
uses classic complement system.
marker for chronic inflammation predispotion to myocardial infarct bc increase rapidly after infection.
