13.Transplant Immunology

Question 1

4. Understand terms of direct and indirect alloantigen recognition

Question 2

2. Describe the various forms of graph rejection and their underlying immune mechanisms responsible for organ failure
   what is mixed lymphocte reaction.

Question 3

1.What are blood group antigens (ABO) and why can O- red blood cells be given to any recipient irrespective of their ABO type?
which is universal donor?
recipient?
why does fetus not get rejcted by allogenic mother?

Question 4

experimental evidence that tissue rejection is immune mediated (3)
use human tissue graft rejection as an example

Question 5

what does cross matching do

Answer 5

make sure recipient doesn’t have antibodies to donor. this prevents hyperacute rejection

Question 6

what is the affect of cortiocsteroids on transplant therapy?
mechanism?
adverse effects?
azathioprine
mycophenolate
cyclophosphamide (most toxic)
how were these drugs originally discovered?

Question 7

what is the proposed mechanism of action of cyclosporin and tacrolimus
what are negatives?
what about rapamycin?

Question 8

1.What are HLA antigens and what role if any do they play in human organ transplantation?

Question 9

1.Why are organ transplants between humans rejected by the recipient unless identical twins?

Question 10

1.If all HLA antigens were matched between donor and recipient would organs survive indefinitely and explain your answer.

Question 11

1.Why are human fetuses not rejected by its allogeneic mother?

Question 12

6. Describe a GVH reaction and its mechanism of action
   s/s?
   what is the other outcome of transplant?

Answer 12

2 problems can arise from transplant:

1. Mature T cells can attack host GVHD
   Recipient T cells can attack bone marrow of donor.
   Successful if no immune response, and donated stem cell proliferate and reconstitute host immune system.

Question 13

give 4hypothesized reasons for why mother doesn’t reject fetus with paternal antigens?