Chapter 2: Human Movement Science Flashcards
Length-tension relationship
resting length of a muscle and the tension it can produce at that length
Force-velocity curve
muscles’ ability to produce tension at differing shortening velocities
rate of force production
how quickly a muscle can generate force
Muscle action spectrum: Concentric
Developing tension while the muscle is shortening, when developed tension overcomes the resistive force
Muscle action spectrum: Eccentric
Developing tension while a muscle is lengthening: when resistive force overcomes developed tension
Muscle action spectrum: Isometric
when the contractile force is equal to the resistive force
Muscle categories: Agonists
prime movers
Muscle categories: Antagonsits
act in opposition to prime movers
Muscle categories: Synergists
assist prime movers
Muscle categories: Stabilizers
support and stabilize body while agonists and synergists create movement
Behavioral properties of muscle
extensibility, elasticity, irritability, ability to develop tension
Local muscular system
stabilization system; muscles connect directly to spine; transverse abdominis, multifidus, internal obliques, diaphragm, pelvic floor muscles
Peripheral joint support system
- Appendicular skeletal muscle.
- Poor force production.
- Isolated stabilization function.
- Rotator cuff, gluteus medius (posterior fibres), vastus medialis oblique.
Global muscular system
movement musculature; four distnct sybsystems (DLS, POS, AOS, Lateral subsystem)
Deep Longitudinal subsystem (DLS)
transmits force between trunk and ground; erector spinae, thoracolumbar fascia, sacrotuberous ligaments, biceps femoris, peroneus longus
Posterior oblique subsystem (POS)
transfers force from transverse to sagittal plane; works synergistically with DLS; important for rotational activities; latissimus dorsi and contralateral gluteus maximus, cross-body bridge through thoracolumbar fascia
Anterior oblique subsystem (AOS)
similar to POS on front side of body; internal and external obliques, adductor complex, hip external rotators
Lateral subsystem
frontal plane and pelvo-femoral stability; gluteus medius, tensor fascia latae, adductor complex, quadratus lumborum
Proprioception
cumulative neural input from sensory afferents to the CNS
internal feedback
information provided by length-tension relationships, force-couple relationships, and arthrokinematics to monitor movement and environment
External feedback
information provided by an external source
Knowledge of results
informs athlete about the outcome of performance
Knowledge of performance
informs athlete about the quality of movement during exercise
Sensorimotor integration
ability of CNS to gather and interpret information to execute the proper motor response
Motor behavior
motor response to internal and external stimuli
Motor control
how the CNS integrates sensory information with previous experience to produce a motor response
Motor learning
integration of motor control with practice and experience; creates relatively permanent change in ability to produce skilled movement
Motor development
change in motor behavior over a lifetime
