Chapter 2: Human Movement Science

Question 1

Length-tension relationship

Answer 1

resting length of a muscle and the tension it can produce at that length

Question 2

Force-velocity curve

Answer 2

muscles’ ability to produce tension at differing shortening velocities

Question 3

rate of force production

Answer 3

how quickly a muscle can generate force

Question 4

Muscle action spectrum: Concentric

Answer 4

Developing tension while the muscle is shortening, when developed tension overcomes the resistive force

Question 5

Muscle action spectrum: Eccentric

Answer 5

Developing tension while a muscle is lengthening: when resistive force overcomes developed tension

Question 6

Muscle action spectrum: Isometric

Answer 6

when the contractile force is equal to the resistive force

Question 7

Muscle categories: Agonists

Answer 7

prime movers

Question 8

Muscle categories: Antagonsits

Answer 8

act in opposition to prime movers

Question 9

Muscle categories: Synergists

Answer 9

assist prime movers

Question 10

Muscle categories: Stabilizers

Answer 10

support and stabilize body while agonists and synergists create movement

Question 11

Behavioral properties of muscle

Answer 11

extensibility, elasticity, irritability, ability to develop tension

Question 12

Local muscular system

Answer 12

stabilization system; muscles connect directly to spine; transverse abdominis, multifidus, internal obliques, diaphragm, pelvic floor muscles

Question 13

Peripheral joint support system

Answer 13

• Appendicular skeletal muscle.
• Poor force production.
• Isolated stabilization function.
• Rotator cuff, gluteus medius (posterior fibres), vastus medialis oblique.

Question 14

Global muscular system

Answer 14

movement musculature; four distnct sybsystems (DLS, POS, AOS, Lateral subsystem)

Question 15

Deep Longitudinal subsystem (DLS)

Answer 15

transmits force between trunk and ground; erector spinae, thoracolumbar fascia, sacrotuberous ligaments, biceps femoris, peroneus longus

Question 16

Posterior oblique subsystem (POS)

Answer 16

transfers force from transverse to sagittal plane; works synergistically with DLS; important for rotational activities; latissimus dorsi and contralateral gluteus maximus, cross-body bridge through thoracolumbar fascia

Question 17

Anterior oblique subsystem (AOS)

Answer 17

similar to POS on front side of body; internal and external obliques, adductor complex, hip external rotators

Question 18

Lateral subsystem

Answer 18

frontal plane and pelvo-femoral stability; gluteus medius, tensor fascia latae, adductor complex, quadratus lumborum

Question 19

Proprioception

Answer 19

cumulative neural input from sensory afferents to the CNS

Question 20

internal feedback

Answer 20

information provided by length-tension relationships, force-couple relationships, and arthrokinematics to monitor movement and environment

Question 21

External feedback

Answer 21

information provided by an external source

Question 22

Knowledge of results

Answer 22

informs athlete about the outcome of performance

Question 23

Knowledge of performance

Answer 23

informs athlete about the quality of movement during exercise

Question 24

Sensorimotor integration

Answer 24

ability of CNS to gather and interpret information to execute the proper motor response

Question 25

Motor behavior

Answer 25

motor response to internal and external stimuli

Question 26

Motor control

Answer 26

how the CNS integrates sensory information with previous experience to produce a motor response

Question 27

Motor learning

Answer 27

integration of motor control with practice and experience; creates relatively permanent change in ability to produce skilled movement

Question 28

Motor development

Answer 28

change in motor behavior over a lifetime