Chapter 2 Hormones

Question 1

What hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 1

Oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormone

Question 2

Pineal Gland?

Answer 2

• Melatonin
• N/A
• regulates sleep patterns

Question 3

Thyroid gland?

Answer 3

• thyroxine
• most cells
• increases metabolism

Question 4

Parathyroid gland?

Answer 4

• parathyroid hormone
• bone and kidneys
• increases blood calcium

Question 5

Pancreas?

Answer 5

1) -Insulin
- most cells
- increases glucose uptake

2) -Glucugon
- liver, fat storage cells
- breakdown of glycogen

Question 6

Testes?

Answer 6

• testosterone
• most cells
• development of male sex characteristics

Question 7

Ovaries?

Answer 7

1) -progesterone
- uterus, mammary glands
- prepares mammary glands for milk production, regulates menstrual cycle

2) -oestrogen
- most cells
- development of female characteristics, regulates menstrual cycle

Question 8

Adrenal cortex?

Answer 8

1) -cortisol
- most cells
- moderates stress levels, encourages tissue repair, increases metabolism

2) -aldosterone
- kidneys
- increase sodium absorption, increase potassium secretion

Question 9

Adrenal medulla?

Answer 9

• epinephrine, noraepenephrine
• most cells
• fight or flight response, compliments SNS

Question 10

Thymus gland?

Answer 10

• thynosin
• lymphocytes
• immune response

Question 11

Growth Hormone?

Answer 11

• most cells

- growth and protein synthesis

Question 12

Prolactin?

Answer 12

• mammory glands

- milk production

Question 13

TSH?

Answer 13

• thyroid

- release of thyroxine

Question 14

ACTH?

Answer 14

• adrenal cortex

- release of hormones from adrenal cortex(aldosterone, cortisol)

Question 15

FSH?

Answer 15

• ovaries, testes

- stimulates follicle growth and sperm production

Question 16

LH?

Answer 16

• ovaries, testes

- ovulation and maintenance of corpus luteum, stimulates release of testosterone

Question 17

Oxytocin?

Answer 17

• mammary glands, uterus

- secretion of milk, contraction of uterus

Question 18

Antidiuretic hormone?

Answer 18

• kidneys

- water absorbtion

Question 19

What six hormones do the anterior pituitary gland secrete?

Answer 19

Growth Hormone, Prolactin, Thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH, Adrenocorticotrophic hormone(ACTH), Follicle Stimulating hormone(FSH), Lutinising Hormone(LH)

Question 20

What are the five steps of direct gene activation?

Answer 20

1) Steroid Hormone diffuses through the plasma membrane of target cells.
2) Hormone enters the nucleus or cytoplasm
3) Hormone binds to specific protein within the nucleus or cytoplasm, resulting in a hormone-receptor complex
4) Complex binds to specific sites on the cell’s DNA
5) This activates genes that results in the synthesis of new proteins(protein synthesis)

Question 21

What hormone and protein is commonly used in the second-messenger system?

Answer 21

Epinephrine and G-Protein

Question 22

What are the five steps of the second-messenger system?

Answer 22

1) Amine Hormone binds to membrane receptor(first messenger)
2) This causes a conformational change which activates a protein
3) The Protein diffuses through the cytoplasm to bind with a membrane-bound protein(primary effector)
4) This then changes ATP into cAMP(secondary messenger)
5) The cAMP can then bind to a secondary effector to activate it