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Human Biology > Chapter 2 Hormones > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Hormones Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How do hormones affect cells

A

Activate genes
Turn enzymes on or off
Affect rate of enzyme production, transcription and translation

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2
Q

Which endocrine glands decrease in size with age

A

Pineal gland and thymus

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3
Q

Adrenal medulla produces

A

Epinephrine and noradrenaline

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4
Q

Adrenal cortex produces

A

Cortisol, aldosterone

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5
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Is produced in the parathyroid, affects PO4 concentration aswell as calcium

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6
Q

Hormone definition

A

A chemical messenger between glands and target cells that uses blood as transport

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7
Q

Exocrine glands include

A

Salivary, tears, sebaceous, sweat

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8
Q

Human growth hormone

A

Produced in anterior pituitary acts on whole body to stimulate growth and division
Skeletal growth
Mainyain organ size
Uptake of amino acids for proteins

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9
Q

Prolactim

A

Produced in anterior pituitary acts on breasts to stimulate and maintain milk production

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10
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormones

A

Produced in anterior pituitary organises the adrenal cortex

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11
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid to release thyroxine

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12
Q

FSH

A

Produced in anterior pituitary acts on the gonads to stimulate follicle development and sperm production

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13
Q

LH

A

Produced in anterior pituitary acts on gonads stimulates ovulation and production of testosterone

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14
Q

Oxytocin

A

Produced in hypothalamus and released from posterior pituitary acts on the uterus and breasts, uterine contraction during birth, milk ejection, can aid sperm mobility and love feelings

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15
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary stimulates aquaporins in the collecting ducts of the nephrons, body reabsorbs more water

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16
Q

Thyroxine T4

A

From the thyroid it affects metabolic rate in all body cells

17
Q

Triiodothyronine T3

A

All body cells affects tissue growth and development

18
Q

Calcitonin

A

From thyroid decreases blood Ca+ concentration storing it in bones

19
Q

Insulin

A

Produced in beta cells decreases blood glucose levels by increasing membrane permeability and glycogenesis

20
Q

Glucagon

A

Alpha cells. Acts on liver mostly. Glycogenolysis increases blood glucose levels

21
Q

Aldosterone

A

Adrenal cortex promotes normal metabolism, resists stress, increases na+ in the body

22
Q

Adrenaline

A

Adrenal medulla. Lungs heart stomach and all body cells. Increased heart rate, blood pressure, glucose, breathing. Decreases digestion

23
Q

Noradrenaline

A

Adrenal medulla. Similar to epinephrine. Alot of blood pressure

24
Q

Cortisol

A

Adrenal cortex. Regualtes metabolism and blood sugar

25
Q

Melatonin

A

From pineal gland. Promotes sleep cycle

26
Q

Oestrogen

A

From ovaries. Stimulates grows if endometrium and secondary sex characteristics

27
Q

Progesterone

A

Ovaries. Maintenance of endometrium

28
Q

Testosterone

A

Testes. Secondary sex characteristics and sperm production

29
Q

Steroid hormones examples

A

T4, T3, aldosterone, adrenaline, melatonin, oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone

30
Q

Protein hormones examples

A

All pituitary hormones, calcitonin, parathyroid, glucoregulation, noradrenaline and cortisol

31
Q

Steroid hormone mode of action

A

Diffuse through cell membrane
Enters the nucleus and binds to receptor protein
Hormone receptor complex binds to dna
Genes are activated and transcribed
Translation and new proteins are synthesised

32
Q

Protein hormones mode of action

A

Binds to receptor in membrane
Reactions activate enzymes
Using lots of ATP catalyses reactions that produce secondary messengers
Intracellular changes happen

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