Chapter 2: General Anatomy and Radiographic Positioning Terminology Flashcards by Jovanni Leyva

What plane divides the body into right and left parts

Sagittal plane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

divides body into EQUAL right and left halves

Mid sagittal plane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

divides the body into front and back parts

coronal plane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

divides the body into EQUAL front and back parts

Midcoronal Plane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What plane enters the others at an angle?

oblique planes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The plane formed by biting the upper and lower teeth with jaw closed

Occlusal Plane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

transects the body at the pelvis and iliac top of the crest

Interiliac plane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 4 types of body habitus

Sthenic
Hyposthenic
Asthenic
Hypersthenic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the two types of body habitus that are considered average?

Sthenic and hyposthenic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the two types of body habitus that are considered extremes?

hypersthenic and asthenic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

classification of bones

long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
sesamoid bones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What kind of bones are only found in limbs?

Long bones. consist of body and two enlarged articular ends

examples: femur, humerus and phalanges

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What bones consist mainly of cancellous bone with a thin outer layer of compact bone?

short bones

examples: carpal and tarsal bones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What bones consist of two plates of a compact bone?

flat bones
examples: sternum, cranium and scapula

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What kind of bones are peculiarly shaped?

irregular bones

examples: vertebrae, pelvic bones, and facial bones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Skeletel divisions

axial and appendicular skeletons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bone development

primary ossification
secondary ossification
full growth into single bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sesamoid bones

very small and oval

develop inside and beside tendons. protect the tendon from excessive wear

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In terms of anatomic relationship what is the forward or front part of the body or of a part called?

anterior (ventral)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In terms of anatomic relationship what is the back part of the body or body part called?

posterior (dorsal)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in terms of anatomic relationship, what is the name of the angle that parts away from the head of the body called?

caudad

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In terms of anatomic relationship, what is the name for the angle that parts towards the head of the body?

cephalad

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

medial (anatomic relationships)

towards the median plane of the body or toward the middle of a body part

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

deep (anatomic relationships)

far from the surface

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lateral (anatomic relationships)

away from the median plane or away from the middle of a part

superficial (anatomic relationships)

near the skin or surface

ipsilateral (anatomic relationships)

parts on the same side of the body

contralateral (anatomic relationships)

parts on the opposite side of the body

distal (anatomic relationships)

farthest from the point of attachment or origin

proximal (anatomic relationships)

near the point of attachment or origin

external (anatomic relationships)

outside the body or part

internal (anatomic relationships)

inside the body or part

AP (essential projections)

anteroposterior central ray(CR) enters the anterior surface and exits posterior

PA (essential projections)

posteroanterior CR enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior

Axial (essential projections)

Longitudinal angle of the CR of 10 degrees or more. Produced by angling the central ray cephalad or caudad

What kind of projection enters one side of the body, passing transversely along the coronal plane?

lateral projection

What kind of projection is directed along the outer margin of a curved body surface?

a tangential projection

In which type of essential projection does the CR enter from a side angle?

Oblique

In what general body position is the patient erect or vertical?

upright

In what general body position is a patient upright, but sitting on a stool?

seated

In what general body position is the patient lying down in any position?

recumbent

In what general body position is the patient lying on the back?

supine

In what general body position is the patient lying face down?

Prone

What body position is a patient in if they are supine with the head lower than the feet?

Trendelenburg

In what position is the patient if they are lying supine with their head elevated above their feet?

Fowler

If the patient is recumbent lying on the left anterior side with left leg extended and right knee and thigh partially flexed what position are they in?

Sims position

if a patient is supine with knees and hips flexed and thighs abducted and rotated externally, supported by ankle supports what position are they in?

lithotomy

What position is a patient in if their body is rotated so that the coronal plane is not parallel with the table or IR?

Oblique position RPO = Right posterior oblique LPO = Left posterior oblique RAO = Right anterior oblique LAO = Left anterior oblique

What oblique view is this?

left posterior oblique The left posterior side is touching the IR

What is the name for a recumbent position where the central ray is horizontal?

decubitus named according to the body surface on which the patient is lying

Lordotic position

upright position in which the patient is leaning backward

Abduct or abduction (body movement terminology)

movement of a body part moving away from the central axis of the body

adduct or adduction (body movement terminology)

movement of a body part moving toward the central axis of the body

Extension

straightening of a joint

Flexion

bending of a joint

Evert/eversion

outward turning of the foot at the ankle

invert/inversion

inward turning of the foot at the ankle

Deviation

a turning away from the regular or stand course example radial/ulnar deviation

dorsiflexion

flexion or bending of the foot toward the leg

plantar flexion

flexion or bending of the foot toward the sole

Pronate/pronation

rotation of forearm so that the palm is down

supinate/supination

rotation of forearm so that the palm is up

rotate/rotation

turning of the body or part around its axis. rotation of a limb is either medial or lateral

These bone markings/features extend beyond or project out from the main body of a bone

processes or projections

What are depressions?

hollow or depressed areas in bones

Rounded process at an articular end

condyle

What are beaklike or crownlike processes called?

coracoid or coronoid processes

What is a ridge like process called?

crest

What is a projection above a condyle called?

epicondyle

What is a club-shaped process?

malleolus, example is the ankle

What is a name for a projecting prominence?

protuberance

What is a sharp process called?

spine example spine

What is a long pointed process called?

styloid process example: ulna

What are the two large, rounded, and elevated processes of the proximal femur called?

trochanters

What is a small, rounded, and elevated process called?

tubercle

What is a large, rounded, and elevated process?

a tuberosity