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Rad 120: Clinical Practicum > Chapter 2: General Anatomy and Radiographic Positioning Terminology > Flashcards

Chapter 2: General Anatomy and Radiographic Positioning Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

What plane divides the body into right and left parts

A

Sagittal plane

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2
Q

divides body into EQUAL right and left halves

A

Mid sagittal plane

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3
Q

divides the body into front and back parts

A

coronal plane

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4
Q

divides the body into EQUAL front and back parts

A

Midcoronal Plane

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5
Q

What plane enters the others at an angle?

A

oblique planes

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6
Q

The plane formed by biting the upper and lower teeth with jaw closed

A

Occlusal Plane

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7
Q

transects the body at the pelvis and iliac top of the crest

A

Interiliac plane

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8
Q

What are the 4 types of body habitus

A

Sthenic
Hyposthenic
Asthenic
Hypersthenic

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9
Q

What are the two types of body habitus that are considered average?

A

Sthenic and hyposthenic

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10
Q

What are the two types of body habitus that are considered extremes?

A

hypersthenic and asthenic

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11
Q

classification of bones

A

long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
sesamoid bones

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12
Q

What kind of bones are only found in limbs?

A

Long bones. consist of body and two enlarged articular ends

examples: femur, humerus and phalanges

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13
Q

What bones consist mainly of cancellous bone with a thin outer layer of compact bone?

A

short bones

examples: carpal and tarsal bones

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14
Q

What bones consist of two plates of a compact bone?

A

flat bones
examples: sternum, cranium and scapula

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15
Q

What kind of bones are peculiarly shaped?

A

irregular bones

examples: vertebrae, pelvic bones, and facial bones

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16
Q

Skeletel divisions

A

axial and appendicular skeletons

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17
Q

Bone development

A

primary ossification
secondary ossification
full growth into single bone

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18
Q

sesamoid bones

A

very small and oval

develop inside and beside tendons. protect the tendon from excessive wear

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19
Q

In terms of anatomic relationship what is the forward or front part of the body or of a part called?

A

anterior (ventral)

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20
Q

In terms of anatomic relationship what is the back part of the body or body part called?

A

posterior (dorsal)

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21
Q

in terms of anatomic relationship, what is the name of the angle that parts away from the head of the body called?

A

caudad

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22
Q

In terms of anatomic relationship, what is the name for the angle that parts towards the head of the body?

A

cephalad

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23
Q

medial (anatomic relationships)

A

towards the median plane of the body or toward the middle of a body part

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24
Q

deep (anatomic relationships)

A

far from the surface

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25
Q

lateral (anatomic relationships)

A

away from the median plane or away from the middle of a part

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26
Q

superficial (anatomic relationships)

A

near the skin or surface

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27
Q

ipsilateral (anatomic relationships)

A

parts on the same side of the body

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28
Q

contralateral (anatomic relationships)

A

parts on the opposite side of the body

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29
Q

distal (anatomic relationships)

A

farthest from the point of attachment or origin

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30
Q

proximal (anatomic relationships)

A

near the point of attachment or origin

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31
Q

external (anatomic relationships)

A

outside the body or part

32
Q

internal (anatomic relationships)

A

inside the body or part

33
Q

AP (essential projections)

A

anteroposterior

central ray(CR) enters the anterior surface and exits posterior

34
Q

PA (essential projections)

A

posteroanterior
CR enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior

35
Q

Axial (essential projections)

A

Longitudinal angle of the CR of 10 degrees or more. Produced by angling the central ray cephalad or caudad

36
Q

What kind of projection enters one side of the body, passing transversely along the coronal plane?

A

lateral projection

37
Q

What kind of projection is directed along the outer margin of a curved body surface?

A

a tangential projection

38
Q

In which type of essential projection does the CR enter from a side angle?

A

Oblique

39
Q

In what general body position is the patient erect or vertical?

A

upright

40
Q

In what general body position is a patient upright, but sitting on a stool?

A

seated

41
Q

In what general body position is the patient lying down in any position?

A

recumbent

42
Q

In what general body position is the patient lying on the back?

A

supine

43
Q

In what general body position is the patient lying face down?

A

Prone

44
Q

What body position is a patient in if they are supine with the head lower than the feet?

A

Trendelenburg

45
Q

In what position is the patient if they are lying supine with their head elevated above their feet?

A

Fowler

46
Q

If the patient is recumbent lying on the left anterior side with left leg extended and right knee and thigh partially flexed what position are they in?

A

Sims position

47
Q

if a patient is supine with knees and hips flexed and thighs abducted and rotated externally, supported by ankle supports what position are they in?

A

lithotomy

48
Q

What position is a patient in if their body is rotated so that the coronal plane is not parallel with the table or IR?

A

Oblique position
RPO = Right posterior oblique
LPO = Left posterior oblique
RAO = Right anterior oblique
LAO = Left anterior oblique

49
Q

What oblique view is this?

A

left posterior oblique

The left posterior side is touching the IR

50
Q

What is the name for a recumbent position where the central ray is horizontal?

A

decubitus

named according to the body surface on which the patient is lying

51
Q

Lordotic position

A

upright position in which the patient is leaning backward

52
Q

Abduct or abduction (body movement terminology)

A

movement of a body part moving away from the central axis of the body

53
Q

adduct or adduction (body movement terminology)

A

movement of a body part moving toward the central axis of the body

54
Q

Extension

A

straightening of a joint

55
Q

Flexion

A

bending of a joint

56
Q

Evert/eversion

A

outward turning of the foot at the ankle

57
Q

invert/inversion

A

inward turning of the foot at the ankle

58
Q

Deviation

A

a turning away from the regular or stand course

example radial/ulnar deviation

59
Q

dorsiflexion

A

flexion or bending of the foot toward the leg

60
Q

plantar flexion

A

flexion or bending of the foot toward the sole

61
Q

Pronate/pronation

A

rotation of forearm so that the palm is down

62
Q

supinate/supination

A

rotation of forearm so that the palm is up

63
Q

rotate/rotation

A

turning of the body or part around its axis. rotation of a limb is either medial or lateral

64
Q

These bone markings/features extend beyond or project out from the main body of a bone

A

processes or projections

65
Q

What are depressions?

A

hollow or depressed areas in bones

66
Q

Rounded process at an articular end

A

condyle

67
Q

What are beaklike or crownlike processes called?

A

coracoid or coronoid processes

68
Q

What is a ridge like process called?

A

crest

69
Q

What is a projection above a condyle called?

A

epicondyle

70
Q

What is a club-shaped process?

A

malleolus, example is the ankle

71
Q

What is a name for a projecting prominence?

A

protuberance

72
Q

What is a sharp process called?

A

spine

example spine

73
Q

What is a long pointed process called?

A

styloid process

example: ulna

74
Q

What are the two large, rounded, and elevated processes of the proximal femur called?

A

trochanters

75
Q

What is a small, rounded, and elevated process called?

A

tubercle

76
Q

What is a large, rounded, and elevated process?

A

a tuberosity

Rad 120: Clinical Practicum (12 decks)

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