Chapter 2 (Full Terms) Flashcards
cell membrane
surrounds and protects the cell; regulates what goes in and out the cell
nucleus
controls the operations of the cell
anabolism
process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids
catabolism
process where nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released
Chromosomes
Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes
How many chromosomes are there?
46 Total, 23 pairs
Cytoplasm
All of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.
DNA
Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.
endoplasmic reticulum
Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell.
What happens in the endoplasmic reticulum?
large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.
Genes
Regions of DNA within each chromosome.
Karyotype
Picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell.
metabolism
Total of the chemical processes in a cell
mitochondria
Rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (miniature “power plants”) for the cell
nucleus
Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.
Adipose tissue
Collection of fat cells
Cartilage
Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints
Epithelial cells
Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs.
Larynx
Voice box; located above trachea
Pharynx
Throat. Passageway for food and air
Pituitary gland
Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.
Thyroid Gland
Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck
Trachea
Windpipe (tube leading from the throat and larynx to the bronchial tubes.)
Ureter
One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.
Uterus
Womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops.
Viscera
Internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen
Vertebrae
Backbone(S)
Vertebra
Single backbone
Spinal column
Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity.
Spinal Cord
Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity.
Disc
Pad of cartilage between vertebrae
Anterior
Front side of the body
Ventral
Front side of the body
Posterior
Back side of the body
Dorsal
Back side of the body
Deep
Away from the surface
Superficial
On the surface
Proximal
Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure.
(ex. The proximal end of the thigh bone (femur) joins with the hip socket.)
Distal
Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure
(ex. At its distal end, the femur joins with the knee.)
Inferior
Below another structure
(ex. The feet are at the inferior part of the body. They are inferior to the knees.)
Superior
Above another structure
(ex. The head lies superior to the neck.)
Medial
Pertaining to the middle, or nearer the medial plane of the body.
Lateral
Pertaining to the side.
(Ex. When in the anatomic position (palms of the hands facing outward), the thumb is lateral.)
Supine
Lying on the back
Prone
Lying on the belly
Frontal (coronal) plane
Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions.
(Front and back)
Sagittal (lateral) plane
Lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides.
(left and right)
Transverse (axial) plane
Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane running across the body parallel to the ground.
(top and bottom)
Ribosomes
build long chains of proteins
Abdomen
Abdominal Cavity
Adipose
Anterior
Cartilage
