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MRI 2024 > Chapter 2 (Full Terms) > Flashcards

Chapter 2 (Full Terms) Flashcards

1
Q

cell membrane

A

surrounds and protects the cell; regulates what goes in and out the cell

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2
Q

nucleus

A

controls the operations of the cell

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3
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids

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4
Q

catabolism

A

process where nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

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5
Q

Chromosomes

A

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes

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6
Q

How many chromosomes are there?

A

46 Total, 23 pairs

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7
Q

Cytoplasm

A

All of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.

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8
Q

DNA

A

Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.

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9
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell.

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10
Q

What happens in the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

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11
Q

Genes

A

Regions of DNA within each chromosome.

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12
Q

Karyotype

A

Picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell.

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13
Q

metabolism

A

Total of the chemical processes in a cell

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14
Q

mitochondria

A

Rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (miniature “power plants”) for the cell

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15
Q

nucleus

A

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

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16
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Collection of fat cells

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17
Q

Cartilage

A

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints

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18
Q

Epithelial cells

A

Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs.

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19
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box; located above trachea

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20
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat. Passageway for food and air

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21
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.

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22
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

23
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe (tube leading from the throat and larynx to the bronchial tubes.)

24
Q

Ureter

A

One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

25
Q

Uterus

A

Womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops.

26
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen

27
Q

Vertebrae

A

Backbone(S)

28
Q

Vertebra

A

Single backbone

29
Q

Spinal column

A

Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity.

30
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity.

31
Q

Disc

A

Pad of cartilage between vertebrae

32
Q

Anterior

A

Front side of the body

33
Q

Ventral

A

Front side of the body

34
Q

Posterior

A

Back side of the body

35
Q

Dorsal

A

Back side of the body

36
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface

37
Q

Superficial

A

On the surface

38
Q

Proximal

A

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure.

(ex. The proximal end of the thigh bone (femur) joins with the hip socket.)

39
Q

Distal

A

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

(ex. At its distal end, the femur joins with the knee.)

40
Q

Inferior

A

Below another structure

(ex. The feet are at the inferior part of the body. They are inferior to the knees.)

41
Q

Superior

A

Above another structure

(ex. The head lies superior to the neck.)

42
Q

Medial

A

Pertaining to the middle, or nearer the medial plane of the body.

43
Q

Lateral

A

Pertaining to the side.

(Ex. When in the anatomic position (palms of the hands facing outward), the thumb is lateral.)

44
Q

Supine

A

Lying on the back

45
Q

Prone

A

Lying on the belly

46
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane

A

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions.

(Front and back)

47
Q

Sagittal (lateral) plane

A

Lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides.

(left and right)

48
Q

Transverse (axial) plane

A

Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane running across the body parallel to the ground.

(top and bottom)

49
Q

Ribosomes

A

build long chains of proteins

50
Q

Abdomen

A
51
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A
52
Q

Adipose

A
53
Q

Anterior

A
54
Q

Cartilage

A

MRI 2024 (14 decks)

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