BONES Flashcards
Osteoblasts
produce bony tissue
Osteoclasts
large cells that reabsorb or digest bony tissue
diaphysis
the shaft of a long bone
Epiphysis
each end of a long bone
Epiphyseal Line
An area of cartilage tissue that is constantly being replaced by new bone tissue (long bone)
Metaphysis
Flared portion of the long bone
Periosteum
strong, fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the surface of long bones
(except at the end of epiphyses)
articular cartilage
the ends of long bones and the surface of any bone that meets another bone to form a joint
Compact Bone
a layer of hard, dense bone that lies under the periosteum in all bones
Haversian Canals
a system of small canals containing blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to the bone and remove waste products
Medullary Cavity
Cancellous Bone
a spongy, porous bone tissue that contains red bone marrow within its spaces
red bone marrow
immature and mature bloods in various stages if development
Hematopoieses
the production of all types of blood cells in the bone marrow
bone processes
enlarged areas that extend out from bones and serve as attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments
bone depressions
openings or hollow regions serving as connections between bones or passageways for blood vessels and nerves
Bone Head
rounded end of a bone
Condyle
rounded knuckle-like process, at the end of the bone
Epicondyle
small rounded process above the condyle
trochanters
large and small processes for tendon attachments on the femur
Tuberocity
round elevation where tendons and muscles attach on the humerus, calcareous, and pelvis
Fissure
Narrow groove or slit like opening
Foramen
Opening for blood vessels and nerves
Fossa
Shallow cavity in or on a bone
Sinus
Hollow cavity within bone
Sutures
The joints that join the cranial bones together
fontanelles
the soft spots or ‘gaps’ of unossified tissue in the skull at birth
Mental Foramen
Opening in the mandible that allows blood vessels and nerves to enter and leave
Coronal Suture
Connection across the skull between the two parietal bones and the frontal bone
Ethmoid Bone
Supports nasal cavity and eye sockets
Frontal bone
Forehead; part of eye sockets
Occipital bone
Back and base of skull
Parietal bones
Top and sides of skull
Sphenoid bones
Base of skull and behind eyes (bat-shaped bone)
Temporal bones
Lower sides and back of skull
Lacrimal bones
Corners of each eye
Mandible
Lower jaw bone
Maxillae
Upper jaw bones
Nasal bones
Bridge and septum of nose
Vomer
Nasal septum (thin, flat bone)
Zygomatic bones
Cheek bones
vertebral (spinal) column
composed of 26 bone segments, called vertebrae, that are arranged in five divisions from the base of the skull to the tailbone.
vertebral body
inner, thick, round anterior portion of a vertebrae
What connects the vertebrae together?
Facet joints
Clavicle
Collar bone
Scapula
Shoulder blade
Acromion
The extension of the scapula that joins with the clavicle to form a joint above the shoulder
Sternum
Breastbone
Xiphoid process
The lowest portion of the sternum
Manubrium
The uppermost portion of the sternum
Humerus
Upper arm bone
Ulna
Medial lower arm bone
Radius
Lateral lower arm
Carpals
Wrist bones
Phalanges
Finger bones
Pelvic girdle
Pevis
Ilium
Uppermost and largest portion of the pelvis
Ischium
inferior or lower part of the pelvis
Pubis
anterior part of the pelvis
Pelvic cavity
region within the ring of bone formed by the pelvic girdle
Femur
thigh bone
Patella
Kneecap
Tibia
larger of the two bones of the lower leg
Fibula
smaller of the two lower leg bones
Tarsals
bones of the hind and mid parts of the foot
Tarsals
bones of the hind and mid parts of the foot
Metatarsals
bones between the tarsals and phalanges
Phalanges of the toes
bones of the forefoot;
Acetabulum
Hip socket
Calcaneus
Heel bone
Carpals
Wrist bones
Clavicle
Collar bone
Coccyx
Tailbone
Cranium
Skull
Olecranon
Elbow
Tibia
Shin bone
Cartilage
Flexible, connective tissue; found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces
Collagen
Dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, and skin.
Compact bone
Hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones.
Foramen magnum
Opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
Ligament
Fibrous connective tissue that binds bones to other bones.
sella turcica
Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located.
temporomandibular joint
Connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw.
trabeculae
Supporting latticework of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone.
