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GRE Psychology Subject Test Review > Chapter 2: Experimental: Language (3-4% > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Experimental: Language (3-4% Flashcards

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0
Q

Psycholingusitics

A

The study of the psychology of language

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1
Q

Language

A

Is the meaning arrangement of sounds.

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2
Q

Phonemes

A

Discrete sounds that make up words but carry no meaning

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3
Q

Phonics

A

Is the learning to read by sounding out the phonemes

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4
Q

Morphemes

A

Make up phonemes; the smallest units of meaning in language. Words / parts of words that have meaning are morphemes.
(Ex. boy and -ing)

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5
Q

Phrase

A

Is a group of words that when put together function as a single syntactic part of a sentence
(Ex. Walking the dog)

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6
Q

Syntax

A

The arrangement of words into sentences as prescribed by a particular language

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7
Q

Grammar

A

The overall rules of the interrelationship b/t morphemes and syntax that make up a certain language.

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8
Q

Morphology / Morphological Rules

A

Grammar rules; how to group morphemes

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9
Q

Prosody

A

Tone inflections, accents, and other aspects of pronunciation that carry meaning

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10
Q

Noam Chamsy

A

The most important figure in psycholinguistics

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11
Q

Transformational Grammar

A

Differentiates b/t surface structure and deep structure in language

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12
Q

Surface Structure

A

The way that words are organized

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13
Q

Deep Structure

A

The abstract representation that identifies the way a sentence can be analyzed and interpreted

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14
Q

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

A

A hypothetical module of the human mind posited to account for children’s innate predisposition for language acquisition

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15
Q

Overextension

A

Is generalizing with names for things.

Ex. Young child call any furry thing a doggie

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16
Q

Telegraphic Speech

A

Refers to speech without the article or extras. (Ex. Me go)

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17
Q

Holophrastic Speech

A

Using one word to covey a whole sentence. (Ex. Me=give that to me)

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18
Q

Girls vs. Boys

A

Faster and more accurate with language.

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19
Q

Bilingual Children

A

Slower at language learning.

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20
Q

Alexia

A

People who are unable to read.

21
Q

Agraphia

A

People who are unable to write but have no problem speaking or understanding speech.

22
Q

Overregularization

A

The overapplication of grammar rules.

Ex. sleeps, founded

23
Q

Overextension

A

Is generalizing w/ names for things

Young child call any furry thing a doggie

24
Q

Telegraphic Speech

A

Refers to speech w/o the article or extras

Ex. Me go

25
Q

Holophrastic Speech

A

Using one word to convey a whole sentence

EX. Me=give that to me

26
Q

Girls vs Boys

A

Girls learn faster and more accurate w/ language

27
Q

Bilingual Children

A

Slower at language learning

28
Q

Reading and Writing

A

Alexia- people who are unable to read; agraphia or write have no problem speaking or understanding speech

29
Q

Language Acquisition Milestones

A

1yr-speck first word(s)
2yr- > 50 spoken words, usually in two-(and than three) word phrases
3yr- 1,000 words vocabulary, but use has many grammatical errors
4yr- grammar problems & random exceptions

30
Q

Benjamin Whorf (Hopi Language): Whorfian Hypothesis

A

Posited that language, or how a culture says things, influences that culture perspective
-Unclear to what extent language really affects our perceptions

31
Q

Roger Brown

A

Researched the area of social, developmental, and linguistic psychology.
-Found that children’s understanding of grammatical rules develop as they hypotheses about how syntax words and than self-correct w/ experience

32
Q

Katherine Nelson

A

Found that language really brings to develop w/ the onset of active speech rather than during the first year of only listening

33
Q

William Labov

A

Studied ebonics and found that it had its own complex internal structure

34
Q

Lev Vygotsky & Alexander Luria

A

Studied that development of word meaning & found them to be complex and altered by interpersonal experience.
-Also, the asserted that language is a tool involved in (not just the byproduct) the development of abstract thinking.

35
Q

Charles Osgood

A

Studied semantics or word meaning

36
Q

Semantic Differential Chart

A

Allowed people to plot the meanings of words on graphs (like near “good” but dar from “relaxed”). Results = people w/ similar backgrounds and interest plotted words similarly

37
Q

Language

A

The meaning arrangement of sounds.

38
Q

Psycholinguistics

A

Is the study of the psychology of language

39
Q

Phonemes

A

Discrete sounds that make up words that carry no meaning.

-Phonics: is the learning to read by sounding out the phonemes.

40
Q

Morphemes

A

Make up of phonemes; the smallest units of meaning in language. Words / parts of words that have meaning are morphemes.
(Ex. Boy & ING)

41
Q

Phrase

A

Is a group of words that when put together function as a single syntactic part of a sentence.
(Ex. Walking the dog)

42
Q

Syntax

A

The arrangement of words into sentences as prescribed by a particular language

43
Q

Grammar

A

The overall rules of the interrelationship b/t morphemes & syntax that make up a certain language.

44
Q

Morphology / Morphological Rules

A

Grammar rules; how to group morphemes.

45
Q

Prosody

A

Tone inflections, accents, and other aspects of pronunciation that carry meaning

46
Q

Noam Chomsky

A

The most important figure in psycholinguistics

47
Q

Transformational Grammar

A

Differentiates b/t surface structure & deep structure in language.

48
Q

Surface Structure

A

The way that words are organized

49
Q

Deep Structure

A

The abstract representation that identifies the way a sentence can be analyzed and interpreted

50
Q

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

A

A hypothetical module of the human mind posited to account for children’s innate predisposition for language acquisition

51
Q

Overregularization

A

The overapplication of grammar rules

Ex. Sheeps, founded

GRE Psychology Subject Test Review (4 decks)

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