Chapter 2: Evaluation of the Urologic Patient Flashcards
What causes colorless urine?
Very dilute urine; Overhydration.
Hint: Think of a watered-down drink. Too much water, and it loses its color!
What are the causes of cloudy/milky urine?
Phosphaturia; Pyuria; Chyluria.
Hint: Imagine a milk cloud in the sky raining down phosphates and chyluria – a storm you’d never forget!
What are the reasons for red urine?
Hematuria; Hemoglobinuria/myoglobinuria; Anthocyanin in beets and blackberries; Chronic lead and mercury poisoning; Phenolphthalein (in bowel evacuants); Phenothiazines (e.g., Compazine); Rifampin.
Hint: Red like a beet, lead like a poison pen. Write that down with your “Compazine” ink!
What are the causes of orange urine?
Dehydration; Phenazopyridine (Pyridium); Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine).
Hint: Think of an orange desert – dry and fiery like Pyridium’s flame.
What causes normal yellow urine?
Normal; Phenacetin; Riboflavin.
Hint: Normal as the yellow sun, shining with Phenacetin’s radiance.
What leads to green-blue urine?
Biliverdin; Indicanuria (tryptophan indole metabolites); Amitriptyline (Elavil); Indigo carmine; Methylene blue; Phenols (e.g., IV cimetidine [Tagamet], IV promethazine [Phenergan]); Resorcinol; Triamterene (Dyrenium).
Hint: Feeling blue? Maybe it’s the green envy of Indigo Carmine and Methylene blue’s tropical vacation.
What causes brown urine?
: Urobilinogen; Porphyria; Aloe, fava beans, and rhubarb; Chloroquine and primaquine; Furazolidone (Furoxone); Metronidazole (Flagyl); Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin).
Hint: Brown like the earth, rich with rhubarb and Flagyl’s hidden treasures.
What causes brown-black urine?
Alcaptonuria (homogentisic acid); Hemorrhage; Melanin; Tyrosinosis (hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid); Cascara, senna (laxatives); Methocarbamol (Robaxin); Methyldopa (Aldomet); Sorbitol.
Hint: A mysterious brown-black potion, brewed with Sorbitol’s sweetness and Aldomet’s alchemy.
