15: Integrated men’s health: Androgen deficiency, cardiovascular risk, and metabolic syndrome

Question 1

What was the top cause of death in the United States in 2016?

Answer 1

Heart disease.

Question 2

How many annual deaths in the United States in 2016 were attributed to heart disease?

Answer 2

633,842.

Question 3

What was the male-to-female incidence ratio for heart disease in 2016?

Answer 3

1.12.

Question 4

Which condition had the highest male-to-female incidence ratio in 2016?

Answer 4

Suicide, with a ratio of 3.33.

Question 5

How many annual deaths in the United States in 2016 were attributed to dementia?

Answer 5

110,561.

Question 6

What was the male-to-female incidence ratio for dementia in 2016?

Answer 6

0.44.

Question 7

Which condition had an annual death toll of 49,959 in the United States in 2016?

Answer 7

Nephrological conditions.

Question 8

What was the cause of death associated with a male-to-female incidence ratio of 0.71 in 2016?

Answer 8

Stroke.

Question 9

How many people died due to accidents in the United States in 2016?

Answer 9

146,571.

Question 10

Which condition had an annual death count of 57,062 in the United States in 2016?

Answer 10

Influenza or pneumonia.

Question 11

What is the obesity/body fat distribution criteria for WHO (1999) in the context of metabolic syndrome definitions?

Answer 11

Waist/hip ratio >0.90 in men, >0.85 in women or BMI >30 kg/m^2

Question 12

According to EGIR (Balkau and Charles, 1999), what is the waist circumference criteria for metabolic syndrome in men and women?

Answer 12

Waist circumference ≥94 cm in men, ≥80 cm in women

Question 13

For ATP III (NCEP, 2001), at what waist circumference is metabolic syndrome defined for men and women?

Answer 13

Waist circumference >102 cm in men, >88 cm in women

Question 14

What is the BMI criterion set by AACE (Einhorn et al., 2003) for metabolic syndrome?

Answer 14

BMI ≥25 kg/m^2

Question 15

What conditions or measurements define insulin resistance/hyperglycemia according to WHO (1999)?

Answer 15

IGT, IFG, T2DM, or other evidence of insulin resistance

Question 16

What is the fasting glucose level for metabolic syndrome as defined by ATP III (NCEP, 2001)?

Answer 16

Fasting glucose ≥110 mg/dL

Question 17

According to EGIR (Balkau and Charles, 1999), what triglyceridemia level indicates metabolic syndrome?

Answer 17

≥177 mg/dL

Question 18

What are the HDL-C level criteria for men and women as specified by IDF (Alberti et al., 2005) for metabolic syndrome?

Answer 18

HDL-C <40 mg/dL in men; <50 mg/dL in women; or on treatment

Question 19

What is the blood pressure criterion for metabolic syndrome as defined by EGIR (Balkau and Charles, 1999)?

Answer 19

≥140/90 mm Hg or on treatment

Question 20

According to WHO (1999), what other factor is considered in the metabolic syndrome definitions apart from the factors mentioned above?

Answer 20

Microalbuminuria