Chapter 2-Energy And Matter

Question 1

Which particles form the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 1

Protons and neutrons

Question 2

Positively charged particles

Answer 2

Protons

Question 3

Negatively charged protons

Answer 3

Electrons

Question 4

Neutrally charged particles

Answer 4

Neutrons

Question 5

What does the atomic number represent?

Answer 5

The number of protons and electrons

Question 6

How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 6

Subtract the atomic number from the atomic weight

Question 7

What distinguishes one atom from another?

Answer 7

The number of protons

Question 8

What gives an atom it’s certain properties?

Answer 8

The number of electrons

Question 9

How many electrons can be held in the first energy level?

Answer 9

2 electrons

Question 10

How many electrons can be held in the outermost layer?

Answer 10

8 electrons

Question 11

How many electrons are held in the outermost layer in a carbon atom?

Answer 11

4 electrons

Question 12

How many elements are found on earth?

Answer 12

91 elements

Question 13

How many elements are found in organisms?

Answer 13

25 elements

Question 14

A substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio

Answer 14

Compound

Question 15

An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons to other atoms

Answer 15

Ion

Question 16

What charge does an ion gain when it loses one or more electrons?

Answer 16

Positive

Question 17

What charge does on ion gain when it gains one or more electrons?

Answer 17

Negative

Question 18

Bonds formed through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions

Answer 18

Ionic bond

Question 19

Bond formed when atoms share a pair of electrons

Answer 19

Covalent bond

Question 20

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Answer 20

Molecule

Question 21

Has a region with a slight positive change and a region with a slight negative charge

Answer 21

Polar molecule

Question 22

An attraction between a slightly positive charged hydrogen atom and a slightly negatively charged atom

Answer 22

Hydrogen bond

Question 23

What are the three properties given from hydrogen bonds?

Answer 23

High specific heat, cohesion, and adhesion

Question 24

Property that means water resists changes in temperature?

Answer 24

High specific heat

Question 25

The attraction among molecules of a substance, makes water molecules stick to other water molecules, creates surface tension

Answer 25

Cohesion

Question 26

The attraction among water molecules to different molecules

Answer 26

Adhesion

Question 27

What causes hydrogen bonds to form between polar molecules?

Answer 27

Polar molecules have partially charged regions that attract other polar molecules

Question 28

What must happen for molecules and ions to take part in chemical processes inside cells?

Answer 28

They must dissolve in water

Question 29

How is a solution made?

Answer 29

When one substance dissolves in the water in your body or other substances

Question 30

A mixture of substances that is the same throughout

Answer 30

Solution

Question 31

The substance that is present in the grater amount and the part that dissolves the other substances

Answer 31

Solvent

Question 32

A substance that dissolves in a solvent

Answer 32

Solute

Question 33

What is the solvent and solute in blood?

Answer 33

Solvent-plasma Solute--the other dissolved substances

Question 34

Why do polar molecules dissolve in water

Answer 34

Because the attraction between the water molecules and the solute molecules is greater than the attraction among the molecules of the solute(the pull between the water and the solute molecules is more than the solute molecules attraction keeping them together)

Question 35

A compound that releases a proton when it dissolves in water

Answer 35

Acid

Question 36

What is the difference of acids and bases?

Answer 36

Acids have a higher concentration of hydrogen protons

Question 37

Compounds that remove hydrogen protons from a solution (have a lower concentration of hydrogen protons than acids)

Answer 37

Bases

Question 38

Element that has four valence electrons

Answer 38

Carbon

Question 39

What are the three structures of carbon?

Answer 39

Straight chains, branched chains, and rings

Question 40

Each subunit in a complete molecule

Answer 40

Monomer

Question 41

A large molecule made of many monomers branded together

Answer 41

Polymers

Question 42

A molecule containing a very large number of atoms

Answer 42

Macromolecule

Question 43

Polymers that have different monomers

Answer 43

Proteins

Question 44

Polymers with one type of monomer

Answer 44

Starches

Question 45

Molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that can be broken down to provide a source of usable chemical energy for cells

Answer 45

Carbohydrates

Question 46

Most basic carbohydrate

Answer 46

Sugars

Question 47

Sugar made by plant cells during photosynthesis that have 6 carbon atoms

Answer 47

Glucose

Question 48

Any of a class of sugars who's molecules contain two monosaccharide residues

Answer 48

Disaccharide

Question 49

Another term for sugar

Answer 49

Saccharide

Question 50

Polymers of monosaccharides

Answer 50

Polysaccharides

Question 51

What type of bonds link monomers in proteins?

Answer 51

Peptide bonds

Question 52

What is the relationship between starches and cellulose?

Answer 52

Starches and cellulose are the polymers of glucose

Question 53

Carbo that has a straight rigid structure and makes up the cell wall in plant cells

Answer 53

Cellulose

Question 54

No polar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol

Answer 54

Lipids

Question 55

Chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

Answer 55

Fatty acids

Question 56

What is the major difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 56

Saturated fats only have carbon-carbon single bonds and unsaturated have double bonds

Question 57

What do the double bonds in unsaturated fats result in?

Answer 57

The fat being a liquid/oil

Question 58

Three fatty acids bonded to glycerol

Answer 58

Triglycerides

Question 59

Consists of glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate group

Answer 59

Phospholipid

Question 60

Lipid that the body needs for steroid her ones

Answer 60

Cholesterol

Question 61

A polymer made of amino acids

Answer 61

Protein

Question 62

Molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur

Answer 62

Amino acid

Question 63

What is every amino acid bonded to?

Answer 63

A hydrogen atom, an amino acid, and a carboxyl group,

Question 64

Polymers that are made of monomers called nucleotides

Answer 64

Nucleic acids

Question 65

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

Answer 65

DNA and RNA

Question 66

Nucleic acid that gives the instructions to build proteins

Answer 66

DNA

Question 67

Nucleic acid that actually builds the proteins

Answer 67

RNA

Question 68

Change substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds

Answer 68

Chemical reactions

Question 69

The substances changed during a chemical reaction

Answer 69

Reactants

Question 70

The substances made by a chemical reaction

Answer 70

Products

Question 71

How are bonds broken and formed?

Answer 71

Energy is added to break bonds

Question 72

The amount of energy that will break a bond

Answer 72

Bond energy

Question 73

When both the reactant and products are being made at the same rate

Answer 73

Chemical equilibrium

Question 74

The amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start

Answer 74

Activation energy

Question 75

Chemical reactions that release more energy than they absorb

Answer 75

Exothermic reactions

Question 76

If more energy is absorbed than released in a chemical reaction

Answer 76

Endothermic reactions

Question 77

A substance that decreases the activation energy needed and increase the rate of the reaction

Answer 77

Catalyst

Question 78

Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things

Answer 78

Enzymes

Question 79

What factors can affect an enzymes shape and function?

Answer 79

Temperature and pH

Question 80

Specific reactants that an enzyme acts on

Answer 80

Substrates

Question 81

What happens to the substrates once they are in the active sites that causes them to chemically react easier?

Answer 81

They become strained and become chemically weaker