Chapter 2: Day 5: Mineral Atoms

Question 1

Atoms

Answer 1

Smallest particles of matter. Contains central nucleus with protons and neutrons

Question 2

Protons

Answer 2

dense particle with positive charge

Question 3

Neutrons

Answer 3

dense particle with neutral charge

Question 4

Electrons

Answer 4

. It surround nucleus

. Negligible mass with negative charge

Question 5

Protons Charge

Answer 5

Charge +1

Question 6

Neutrons Charge

Answer 6

Charge 0

Question 7

Electrons Charge

Answer 7

Charge -1

Question 8

Atomic number

Answer 8

. Number of protons in the nucleus

. Determines chemical nature

Question 9

Element

Answer 9

. All atoms with the same number of protons

. Have the same chemical and physical properties

Question 10

Periodic Table

Answer 10

. Tool scientists use to organize the known elements

. 90 naturally occurring, more have been synthesized

Question 11

Valence shell

Answer 11

. An atom’s outermost shell of electrons

. Can be transferred to form chemical bonds

Question 12

Octet rule

Answer 12

. Atoms gain, lose, or share electrons until their valence shells have 8 electrons

Question 13

Chemical bond

Answer 13

. Transfer or sharing of electrons to achieve full valence shell

Question 14

Ions

Answer 14

. Positively and negatively charged atoms

. Strongly attracted to each other

Question 15

Ionic Bonding

Answer 15

. One atoms gives up one or more valence electrons
. Forms ionic compounds
. Valence Electrons are transferred

Question 16

Covalent bonding

Answer 16

. No ions are present
. Sharing of valence electrons
. Valence Electrons are shared with two atoms

Question 17

Metallic bonding

Answer 17

. Contains ions
. Packed metal atoms have valence electrons free to move throughout the structure
. Valence Electrons are surrounds the ions freely
. Valence Electrons are shared in common pool or sea

Question 18

Minerals Involve Metallic bonding

Answer 18

. Copper
. Galena
. Gold Nuggets
. Pyrite

Question 19

Minerals Involve Covalent bonding

Answer 19

. Water Molecules
. Diamond
. Sulfur
. Quartz
. Carbon

Question 20

Minerals Involve Ionic Bonding

Answer 20

. Sodium Chloride or Salt

. Halcite