Chapter 2 Day 3: Minerals

Question 1

Minerals

Answer 1

Any naturally occurring inorganic solid that possess an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition that allows some variation.

Question 2

5 Considerations of Minerals

Answer 2

Naturally Occurring, Generally Inorganic, Solid Substance, Orderly Crystalline Structure, Definite Chemical Composition that allows for Some Variation

Question 3

Rock

Answer 3

Any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as a part of our Earth. They are not minerals.

Question 4

Aggregate

Answer 4

It implies that the minerals are joined in such a way that their individual properties are retained. Means to add.

Question 5

Naturally Occurring

Answer 5

Existing by nature and without artificial aid.

Question 6

Generally Inorganic

Answer 6

They are not made by life processes.

Question 7

Solid Substance

Answer 7

These particles are packed closely together and are not free to move about within the substance.

Question 8

Orderly Crystalline Structure

Answer 8

Atoms are arranged in an orderly repetitive pattern.

Question 9

Definite Chemical Composition

Answer 9

All occurrences of that mineral have a chemical composition that varies within a specific limited range.

Question 10

List of Minerals

Answer 10

Beryl, Corundum, Diamond, Olivine, Plagioclause Feldspar, Opal, Quartz, Topaz, Copper, Aluminum, Salt, Ice

Question 11

List of Non Minerals

Answer 11

Coal, Synthetic Diamonds, Wood, Sugar, Amber, Water

Question 12

4 Optical properties of minerals

Answer 12

. Luster
. Color
. Streak
. Ability to Transmit Light

Question 13

Luster

Answer 13

appearance in reflected light

Question 14

Color

Answer 14

can vary and is not as diagnostic

Question 15

Streak

Answer 15

color of mineral in powdered form

Question 16

Ability to Transmit Light

Answer 16

light can travel through a mineral causing it to be translucent or transparent

Question 17

4 Common Shape Growth in Crystal Shape, or Habit

Answer 17

. Fibrous
. Blanded
. Banded
. Cubic Chrystals

Question 18

Mineral strength

Answer 18

How easily minerals break or deform is determined by the bonds

Question 19

4 Mineral strengths

Answer 19

. Hardness
. Cleavage
. Fracture
. Tenacity –resistance to cutting, breaking, bending, and deformation

Question 20

Hardness

Answer 20

Ability to resist scratching or abrasion

Question 21

Cleavage

Answer 21

Tendency to break along planes of weak bonding

Question 22

Fracture

Answer 22

Random pattern of breakage or textures

Question 23

Tenacity

Answer 23

Resistance to cutting, breaking, bending, and deformation

Question 24

Specific gravity

Answer 24

Mineral density or weight

Question 25

Other properties

Answer 25

Taste, Smell, Elasticity, Malleability, Double refraction, Magnetism, Feel, Reaction with hydrochloric acid

Question 26

Eight elements compose most rock-forming minerals

Answer 26

``` . oxygen (O) . silicon (Si) . aluminum (Al) . iron (Fe) . calcium (Ca) . sodium (Na) . potassium (K) . magnesium (Mg) ```

Question 27

Silicate Minerals

Answer 27

. Most common mineral group . Contain the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron . Arranged in groups based on how tetrahedra bond

Question 28

Silicon Oxygen Tetrahedron

Answer 28

. Four oxygen atoms surrounding a much smaller silicon atom | . Combines with other atoms to form the various silicate structures

Question 29

Common Facts about Light Silicate Minerals

Answer 29

. Light in color and less dense | . Follows the Feldspar Group

Question 30

Feldspar Group

Answer 30

. Three-dimensional network of tetrahedra . Most plentiful . Potassium feldspar . Plagioclase feldspar

Question 31

Potassium feldspar

Answer 31

Rich in potassium ions

Question 32

Plagioclase feldspar

Answer 32

Contains both sodium and calcium ions that substitute for each other

Question 33

Common Facts about feldspar minerals

Answer 33

. Potassium feldspar crystal . Potassium feldspar showing cleavage . Sodium Rich Plagioclause Feldspar . Plagioclause Feldspar Showing Stritations

Question 34

Examples of Common Light Silicate Minerals

Answer 34

Quartz: . Three-dimensional network of tetrahedra . Second most abundant . Consists entirely of silicon and oxygen . Impurities make different colors Quartz, the second-most-common mineral in Earth’s crust, has many varieties Muscovite (mica group): . Tetrahedra arranged in sheets . Excellent cleavage Clay Minerals: . Tetrahedra arranged in sheets . Category of complex mineral originating through chemical weathering of other minerals

Question 35

Common Facts about Dark Silicate Minerals

Answer 35

. Dark in color and high specific gravity . Contains iron and/or magnesium . Olivine Group (Single tetrahedra, Found in basalts in oceanic crust, make up mantle rocks) . Pyroxene group (Tetrahedra arranged in chains, found in basalts) . Amphibole group (Tetrahedra arranged in double chains. found in many igneous rocks) . Biotite (mica group) (Tetrahedra arranged in sheets, common in many igneous rocks) . Garnet (Single tetrahedra, found in many metamorphic rocks)

Question 36

6 Important Nonsilicate Minerals

Answer 36

``` . Carbonates . Halides . Oxides . Sulfides . Sulfates . Native Elements ```

Question 37

Renewable Resources

Answer 37

Can be replenished in relatively short time spans | Examples: Corn, wind, water, etc.

Question 38

Non - Renewable Resources

Answer 38

Earth has fixed quantities | Examples: Oil, aluminum, natural gas, coal

Question 39

Mineral resources

Answer 39

are occurrences of useful minerals that will eventually be extracted

Question 40

Ore deposits

Answer 40

Are commonly profit where Metallic minerals are mined.

Question 41

Which of the following mineral groups is most abundant in the crust?

Answer 41

Silicates

Question 42

Building block of the silicate minerals?

Answer 42

Contains one silicon atom and four oxygen atoms