Chapter 2: Control of the Internal Environment

Question 1

define homeostasis

Answer 1

maintenance of normal internal environment during unstressed, resting conditions

Question 2

define steady state

Answer 2

physiological variable is unchanging, but not necessarily “homeostatic” resting value; balance between demands placed on the body and the body’s response to those demands

Question 3

define steady state exercise. what is the x-axis related to?

Answer 3

prolonged low-to-moderate intensity workload over time (cardiac output is constant); x-axis related to time

Question 4

define graded exercise. what is the x-axis related to?

Answer 4

progressive increase in work rate; x-axis related to intensity (VO2 max, watts, power)

Question 5

describe the concept of hormesis for exercise

Answer 5

there is an optimal amount of exercise where you see the most benefit to physiological function; too much or too little exercise can slowly decrease the benefit to physiological function and eventually causes negative effects

Question 6

what is the regulated variable (regulation of body temp)?

Answer 6

body temp

Question 7

what is the stimulus (regulation of body temp)?

Answer 7

change in skin or core temp

Question 8

what is the sensor (regulation of body temp)?

Answer 8

peripheral and central thermoceptors

Question 9

what is the integrator (regulation of body temp)?

Answer 9

hypothalamus

Question 10

what is the effector (regulation of body temp)?

Answer 10

skeletal muscles, sweat glands, arterioles

Question 11

what is the physiological response (regulation of body temp)?

Answer 11

sweating, shivering, vasodilation or vasoconstriction

Question 12

sequence of heat shock protein synthesis

Answer 12

1) stress conditions such as heat or harmful substances denature proteins
2) denatured proteins are detected
3) heat shock proteins are produced
4) heat shock proteins refold denatured proteins