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A & P > Chapter 2 Continue > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Continue Flashcards

0
Q

External surface of cell membrane and mucus of respiratory and digestive tracts

A

Glycoproteins

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1
Q

External surface of cell membrane

A

Glycolipids

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2
Q

Cells that hold cells and tissue together

A

Proteoglycans (mucopolysaccharides)

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3
Q

Carbon compound with high ratio of hydrogen and Carbon

A

Lipids

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4
Q

Five primary types of lipids

A

fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, eicosanoids, steroids

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5
Q

Chain of 4 to 24 carbon atoms

A

Fatty Acids

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6
Q

Carboxyl (acid) group on the end

A

Fatty Acids

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7
Q

Four types of fatty acids

A

Saturated, unsaturated, polyunsaturated, essential fatty acids

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8
Q

Carbon atoms saturated with hydrogen, straight,
Can not have more hydrogen,
Solid( room temp)

A

Saturated

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9
Q 
Contains C=C bonds w/o hydrogen
Bent
Cis double bond 
Can have more hydrogen
Liquid( room temp)
A

Unsaturated

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10
Q

Take unsaturated fat chemically make it have the structure of saturated
Ex crisco
Risk of heart disease

A

Trans Fat

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11
Q

Same as unsaturated but has more Cis double bonds

A

Polyunsaturated

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12
Q

A single molecule of glycerol can be covalently linked by THREE fatty acids to make this

A

Triglyceride

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13
Q

Primary function of a triglyceriod

A

Store energy long term

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14
Q

Phosphate group combined to two fatty acid chains is the structure of

A

Phospholipids

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15
Q

What a cell membrane is made of is its function

A

Phospholipids

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16
Q

Produced in all tissues

A

Eicosanoids

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17
Q

Function is to stay in one place and communicate between cells

A

Eicosanoids

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18
Q

Structure looks like a carbohydrate but is a lipid

A

Eicosanoids

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19
Q

A lipid with 17 of its carbon atoms in four rings

A

Steroids

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20
Q

“Parent” steroid from which the other steroids are synthesized

A

Cholesterol

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21
Q

Communicate between cells by moving around

A

Steroids

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22
Q

Are used to strengthen the cell (like a pack on a tube)

A

Cholesterol

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23
Q

“Good” or “Bad” cholesterol is defined how

A

By how it is stored

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24
Q

“Good” cholesterol

Lower ratio of lipid to protein

A

HDL high density lipoprotein

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25
Q

“Bad” cholesterol
High ratio of lipid to protein
Contributes to cardiovascular disease

A

LDL low density lipoprotein

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26
Q

A polymer of amino acids

A

Proteins

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27
Q

Central carbon with three attachments

A

Amino acids

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28
Q

How do amino acids differ

A

R group

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29
Q

What is the purpose of a protein

A

Make DNA

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30
Q

What the structure of a protein

A

Amino acids put together

31
Q

Molecule composed of two or more amino acids joined by peptide bonds

A

Peptide

32
Q

Amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of the next; formed by dehydration synthesis

A

Peptide bond

33
Q

Peptide name for two amino acids

A

Dipeptides

34
Q

Peptide name for three amino acids

A

Tripeptides

35
Q

Peptide name for fewer than 10-15 amino acids

A

Oligopeptide

36
Q

Peptide name for more than 15 amino acids

A

Polypeptide

37
Q

Peptide name for more than 50 amino acids

A

Proteins

38
Q

Polypeptides and proteins are in what peptide group

A

Protein group

39
Q

Three dimensional shape of protein crucial to function

A

Conformation

40
Q

Extreme conformational change that destroys function
Extreme heat
Ex. When cooking an egg

A

Desaturation

41
Q

What is the primary structure for a protein

A

To sequence amino acid which is encoded in the genes

42
Q

Springlike shape secondary structure for protein

A

Alpha helix

43
Q

Pleated, ribbon shape

Zig zag secondary structure for proteins

A

Beta

44
Q

Further bending and folding of proteins into globular and fibrous shapes of protein structure

A

Tertiary structure

45
Q

Compact tertiary structure well suited for proteins embedded in cell membrane ; a glob

A

Globular proteins

46
Q

Slender filaments better suited for roles as in muscle contraction and strengthening the skin; string like curly then straight , curl then straight

A

Fibrous proteins

47
Q

Association of two or more desperate polypeptide chains

Ex insulin

A

Quaternary structure

48
Q

Conjugated proteins contain a non amino acid moiety

A

Prosthetic group

49
Q

Tough structural protein, gives strength to hair nails and skin

A

Keratin

50
Q

Durable protein contained in deeper layers of skin bones cartilage and teeth

A

Collagen

51
Q

To which signal molecules bind recieve and send messages

A

Receptors

52
Q

Any hormone or molecule that reversible binds a protein

A

Ligand

53
Q

Channels in cell membrane what govern what passes through

A

Membrane transport

54
Q

Enzyme

A

Catalysis

55
Q

Molecule with the ability to change shape repeatedly

A

Motor protein

56
Q

Proteins that bind cells together

A

Cell adhesion

57
Q

Proteins that function as biological catalysts

A

Enzymes

58
Q

Substance an enzyme acts upon

A

Substrate

59
Q

Energy needed to get reaction started

A

Lowers activation energy

60
Q

Highly specific fit for and enzyme substrate specificity

A

Lock and key

61
Q

Water splitting; adding h and oh from water

A

Hydrolysis

62
Q

Enzymes are not consumed by the reaction only replaced by building with genes

A

Truss biking of enzymes

63
Q

Happens quickly one enzyme molecule can consume millions of substrate molecules per sec

A

Astonishing speed

64
Q

Factors that change enzyme shape

A

pH and temperature

65
Q

Chain of reactions with each step usually catalyze by a different enzyme
A->B->C->D

A

Metabolic Pathways

66
Q

Nitrogen base Sugar Phosphate groups are the three components of what

A

Nucleotide

67
Q

Best known nucleotide

A

ATP

68
Q

Body’s most important energy transfer molecule and briefly store energy

A

Adenosine Triphosphate ATP

69
Q

Between the second and third phosphate group there are

A

High energy bonds

70
Q

Most energy (ATP) goes where

A

Active transport

71
Q

What does the mitochondria do

A

Makes ATP

72
Q

Are there other nucleotides other than ATP

A

Yes

73
Q

Double helix; ATCG; without oxygen in the ribose

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

74
Q

Single strained;AUCG; with oxygen in the ribose

A

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

A & P (4 decks)

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