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Biology H > Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

What four elements make up about 90% of organisms?

A

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

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2
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

protons and neutrons

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3
Q

What orbits the nucleus?

A

electrons

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4
Q

What are isotopes?

A

atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons

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5
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

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6
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

an attraction between a positive and negative ion

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7
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The amount of energy needed to start a reaction

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8
Q

What is a reduction reaction?

A

reactant gains an electron and become negative

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9
Q

What is an oxidation reaction?

A

reactant loses an electron and becomes positive

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10
Q

What is polarity?

A

electrons are not shared equally, overall charge is neutral

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11
Q

What is hydrogen bonding?

A

formed between H atoms and the negative end in other molecules

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12
Q

What pH would be considered acidic?

A

0

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13
Q

What pH would be considered neutral?

A

7

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14
Q

What pH would be considered alkaline?

A

14

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15
Q

Why are buffers important?

A

neutralizes bases or acids (enzymes work at very specific pH ranges)

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16
Q

What is an element?

A

cannot be broken down, made of one type of atom

17
Q

What is an atom?

A

simplest particles that retains all properties of an element

18
Q

What are molecules?

A

simplest part of a substance

19
Q

What has the most movement of molecules?

A

gas

20
Q

What does a full energy level make?

A

a happy atom

21
Q

What do catalysts do?

A

lower the activation energy

22
Q

What are enzymes?

A

biological catalysts (very specific)

23
Q

What is an aqueous solution?

A

water is the solvant

Biology H (11 decks)

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