Chapter 19 Exam Highlights Flashcards
How do you calculate birth rate?
Number of births in a period of time
How do you calculate death rate?
Number of deaths in a period of time
How do you calculate growth rate?
Birth rate - death rate divided by population
How do you calculate population density?
Number of individuals divided by unit of area
What are the problems with small populations?
Less genetic variation, less chance of surviving disease, higher chance of mutations
What stabilized the human population?
agricultural revolution, better sanitation, increase food supply
What are three types of population dispersion?
clumped, uniform, random
What causes clumped dispersion?
resources are clustered or social behavior (school of fish, lion pride)
What causes uniform dispersion?
social interactions and nesting sites (human houses, certain birds)
What is an example of random dispersion?
seeds are dispersed randomly by birds or wind
What is survivorship curve Type I?
likelihood of dying is small until late in life (humans, eagles, bears)
What is survivorship curve Type II?
likelihood of dying is the same throughout life (small birds, rodents, lizards)
What is survivorship curve Type III?
likelihood of dying is greatest when young (oysters, insects, squid)
What are limiting factors?
food, space, clean water, resources
What is carrying capacity?
number of individuals an environment can support (K) where population levels off
