Chapter 2 - Chemistry

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Occupies space and has mass

Question 2

What are the three forms of matter?

Answer 2

Solid, liquid, and gas

Question 3

What is matter made up of?

Answer 3

Chemical elements

Question 4

Six elements make up what percentage of the human body?

Answer 4

98.6%

Question 5

What are the 6 main elements in the human body?

Answer 5

Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Oxygen
Phosphorous
Calcium

Question 6

What is the smallest living unit?

Answer 6

Cell

Question 7

A cell is made up of how many elements?

Answer 7

1+

Question 8

What are the three subatomic particles?

Answer 8

Proton +, Neutron, Electron -

Question 9

What is the valence and why is it important?

Answer 9

The outer orbit/shell; it gives it its reactive capability and determines with what it will bond and in what way

Question 10

What is equal to the number of protons in a cell?

Answer 10

The number of electrons (when element is in neutral state)

Question 11

What calculates the number of protons in an atom?

Answer 11

Atomic number

Question 12

What is atomic mass?

Answer 12

The combined mass of the protons and neutrons

Question 13

What is an atom with the same number of protons and different number of neutrons called?

Answer 13

An isotope

Question 14

Would isotopes have the same or different reactive capability and why?

Answer 14

Same because the number of electrons is unchanged

Question 15

What is an ion?

Answer 15

An atom that has a charge

Question 16

If an atom looses an electron it has what kind of charge?

Answer 16

positive

Question 17

If an atom gains electrons, the charge becomes more?

Answer 17

Negative

Question 18

What are the two functions of chemical bonds?

Answer 18

To store energy and hold things together

Question 19

What are the three kinds of chemical bond?

Answer 19

Ionic, covalent, hydrogen

Question 20

Which chemical bond is the weakest?

Answer 20

hydrogen

Question 21

Which chemical bond is the strongest?

Answer 21

Covalent

Question 22

In which kind of covalent bond are electrons shared unequally?

Answer 22

Polar

Question 23

What is a solvent?

Answer 23

Dissolving medium (ex. water)

Question 24

What is a solute?

Answer 24

Dissolving substance (ex. salt, sugar)

Question 25

What forms a solution?

Answer 25

A solvent and a solute

Question 26

What is oil and water an example of?

Answer 26

Suspension

Question 27

What kind of reaction makes a small/simple thing larger/more complex?

Answer 27

Synthesis

Question 28

What is another name for a synthesis reaction?

Answer 28

Anabolic

Question 29

What is a catabolic reaction?

Answer 29

A reaction that moves things from large/complex to small/simple; decompositon

Question 30

What causes atoms to lose valence electrons?

Answer 30

Oxidation

Question 31

In oxidation, is energy increased or decreased?

Answer 31

Decreased

Question 32

In what kind of reaction are electrons (and energy) gained?

Answer 32

Reduction

Question 33

Measure of the potential of hydrogen/ amount of H+ that are unatached

Answer 33

pH scale

Question 34

As free H+ ions increase, pH does what?

Answer 34

Decreases (moves towards acid)

Question 35

As free H+ ions decrease, pH does what?

Answer 35

Increases (moves towards basic)

Question 36

One unit difference in pH (e.g. 3 to 4) is how significant of an increase?

Answer 36

10x

Question 37

What is normal blood pH?

Answer 37

7.4

Question 38

What happens if blood pH changes?

Answer 38

7 - coma, 7.8 - tetany; deadly

Question 39

What is a proton donor?

Answer 39

Acids (H+)

Question 40

What is a proton acceptor?

Answer 40

Bases (OH-)

Question 41

Attempt to maintain pH homeostasis

Answer 41

Buffer

Question 42

What do buffers control?

Answer 42

The number of available H+ ions

Question 43

What are the primary differences between organic and inorganic compounds?

Answer 43

Organic: carbon-based, complex, combine in many ways, perform biological functions Inorganic: simple, few atoms, can't perform complex biological functions

Question 44

What are the 4 classifications of organic compounds?

Answer 44

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid