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1_NSCA CSCS > Chapter 2: Biomechanics of Resistance Exercise > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Biomechanics of Resistance Exercise Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of the following is the definition of power?
A. Mass x accerleration
B. Force x distance
C. Force x velocity
D. Torque x time
A

C. FOrce x velocity

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2
Q 
To compare performances of OLY weight lifters of different body weights, the classic formula divides the load lifted by the athletes?
A. Body weight
B. Body weight squared
C. Lean body weight
D. Body weight to the two-thirds power
A

D. Body weight to the two-thirds power

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3
Q

During a free weight exercise, muscle force varies with which of the following?
I. perpendicular distance from the weight to the body joint
II. joint angle
III. movement acceleration
IV. movement velocity squared

A

Perpendicular distance from the weight to the body joint

Movement acceleration

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4
Q 
A vertical jump involves knee, hip, and shoulder movement primarily in which of the following anatomical plane?
A. Sagittal
B. Perpendicular 
C. Frontal
D. Transverse
A

A.Sagittal

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5
Q 
An athlete is performing a concentric isokinetic elbow flex ion and extension exercise. Which of the following types of levers occur at the elbow during this exercise?
I.first class
II. Second class
III. Third class
A

First and third class

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6
Q

____ focuses on the mechanisms through which the musculoskeletal components interact to create movement.

A

Biomechanics

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7
Q

The muscle most directly involved in bringing about a movement is called the prime mover or _____
A. Antagonist
B. Agonist

A

B.Agonist

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8
Q

The muscle that can slow down or stop the movement is called the___
A. Agonist
B. Antagonist

A

B.Antagonist

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9
Q

During throwing, the triceps act as an ____, extending the elbow to accelerate the ball. As the elbow reaches full extension, the biceps acts as an ____ to slow down elbow extension and bring it to a stop.
A. Antagonist, agonist
B. Agonist, antagonist

A

B. Agonist, antagonist

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10
Q

A muscle called a ____ when it assist indirectly in a movement

A

Synergistic

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11
Q

A lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on opposite sides of the fulcrum

A

FIrst class lever

Tricep

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12
Q

The pivot point of a lever

A

Fulcrum

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13
Q

A rigid or semirigid body that, when subjected to a force whose line of action does not pass through its pivot point

A

Lever

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14
Q

The ratio of the moment arm through which an applied force acts to that through which a resistive force acts

A

Mechanical advantage

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15
Q

The perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the fulcrum.

A

Moment arm

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16
Q

Force generated by biochemical activity, or Te stretching of no contractile tissue, that tends to draw the opposite ends of a muscle towards each other

A

Muscle force

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17
Q

Force generated by a source external to the body that acts contrary to muscle force

A

Resistive force

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18
Q

A lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum, with the muscle force acting through a moment arm longer than that through which the resistive force acts

A

Second class lever

Calf raise

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19
Q

A lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum

A

Third class lever

Bicep curl

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20
Q

The degree to which a force tends to rotate an object about a specific fulcrum

A

Torque

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21
Q

Most of the skeletal muscles operate at a considerable mechanical ______ due to the lever arrangement within the body and relative to the external forces the body resist.

A

Disadvantage

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22
Q

When the body is erect, the arms are down at the sides, and the palms face forward?

A

Anatomical position

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23
Q

Plane of the Bicep curl?

A

Sagittal

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24
Q

Plane of the standing lateral dumbbell raise?

A

Frontal plane

25
Q

Plane of the dumbbell fly

A

Transverse plane

26
Q

____ is the ability to exert force.

A

Strength

27
Q

The change is velocity per unit time

A

Acceleration

28
Q

Acceleration is associated with resistive force according to Isaac Newton’s second law:

A

Force= Mass x Acceleration

29
Q

Force x Displacement

A

Work

30
Q

Work/time

A

Power

31
Q

The angle through which an object rotates is called..

A

Angular displacement

32
Q

The objects rotational speed measured in radians per second

A

Angular velocity

33
Q

Rotational Work

A

Work= Torque x angular displacement

34
Q

The capacity to exert force at any given velocity, and power is the mathematical product of force and velocity at whatever speed?

A

Strength

35
Q

Neural control affects the maximal force output of a muscle by determining which and how many motor units are involved in muscle contraction

A

Recruitment

36
Q

The rate at which the motor units are fired?

A

Rate coding

37
Q

___ muscle has fibers that align obliquely with the tendon, creating a featherlike arrangement.

A

Pennate

38
Q

The angle between the muscle fibers and an imaginary line between the muscle’s origin and insertion.

A

Angle of pennation

39
Q

When a muscle is at its resting length, the ____ and ____ filaments lie next to each other, so that maximal number of potential cross ridge sites are available. The muscle can generate the greatest force at its resting length.

A

Actin and myosin

40
Q

When the muscle shortens because the contractile force is greater than the resistive force

A

Concentric muscle action

41
Q

When the muscle lengthens because the contractile force is less than the resistive force.

A

Eccentric muscle action

42
Q

WHen the muscle length does not change because the contractile force is equal to the resistive force.

A

Isometric muscle action

43
Q

Advantages of the stack machines

A
  1. safety
  2. Design flexibility
  3. Ease of use
44
Q

Advantages of free weights

A
  1. Whole body training

2. simmulation of real-life activities

45
Q

Though the force of gravity acts only downward _____ force can act in any direction.

A

Inertial

46
Q

The resistive force encountered when one attempts to move an object while it is pressed against another object.

A

Friction

47
Q

The resistive force encountered by an object by moving through a fluid, or by a fluid moving past or around and object or through and opening

A

Fluid resistance

48
Q

Two sources of fluid resistance are?

A

The two sources of fluid resistance are surface drag, which results from the friction of a fluid passing along the surface of an object, and form drag, which results from the way in which a fluid presses against the front or rear of an object passing through it.

49
Q

Toward the anterior

A

Ventral

50
Q

Toward the posterior

A

Dorsal

51
Q

The glottis is closed, thus keeping air form escaping the lungs, and the muscles of the abdomen and rib cage contract, creating rigid compartments of liquid in the lower torso.

A

Valsalva maneuver

52
Q

lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on opposite sides of the fulcrum

A

first-class lever

53
Q

lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum, with the muscle force acting through a moment arm longer than that through which the resistive force acts

A

second-class lever

54
Q

lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum, with the muscle force action through a moment arm shorter than that through which the resistive force acts

A

third-class lever

55
Q

force =

A

mass x acceleration

56
Q

work =

A

force x displacement

57
Q

power =

A

work/time

58
Q

classic formula for determining strength to mass ration

A

bw ^(2/3)

59
Q

what is strength to to mass ratio

A

Thus, the strength-to-mass ratio directly reflects an athlete’s ability to accelerate his or her body. If, after training, an athlete increases body mass by 15% but increases force capability by only 10%, the strength-to-mass ratio, and thus the athlete’s ability to accelerate, is reduced. A sprinter or jumper may benefit by experimenting with muscle mass to determine the highest strength-to-mass ratio

1_NSCA CSCS (25 decks)

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