Chapter 2: Beginnings

Question 0

Chromosomes

Answer 0

Threadlike structures made up of DNA

Question 1

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 1

Branch of psychology that emphasizes importance of adaptation, reproduction, and “survival of the fittest” in shaping behavior

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

A complex molecule with a double helix shape; contains genetic information

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

Units of hereditary information composed of DNA. Genes direct cells to reproduce themselves and manufacture the proteins that maintain life.

Question 4

Mitosis

Answer 4

Cellular reproduction in which the cells nucleus duplicates itself with two new cells being formed, each containing the same DNA as the parent cell, arranged in the same 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Question 5

Meiosis

Answer 5

A specialized form of cell division that occurs to for sperm or eggs (gametes).

Question 6

Down syndrome

Answer 6

Chromosomally transmitted form of mental retardation caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21

Question 7

Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 7

A genetic disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome, making them xxy instead of xy

Question 8

Fragile x syndrome

Answer 8

Genetic disorder involving an abnormality in the X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks

Question 9

Turner syndrome

Answer 9

A chromosomal disorder in females. In which either an X chromosome is missing, making the person xo instead of xx, or the second X chromosome is partially deleted

Question 10

Xyy syndrome

Answer 10

A chromosomal disorder in which makes have an extra chromosome

Question 11

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 11

a genetic disorder in which the individual cannot properly metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid. Pku is now easily detected…but if left untreated, results in mental retardation and hyperactivity.

Question 12

Sickle-cell anemia

Answer 12

A genetic disorder Tyra affects the red blood cells and occurs most often in people of African decent

Question 13

Passive genotype environment correlations

Answer 13

Correlations that exist when the biological parents, who are genetically related to the child, provide a rearing environment for the child

Question 14

Evocative genotype environment correlation

Answer 14

Correlations that exist when the child’s characteristics elicit certain types of physical and social environments

Question 15

Active (niche picking) genotype environment correlations

Answer 15

Correlations that exist when children seek out environments they find compatible and stimulating

Question 16

Epigenetic view

Answer 16

Emphasizes that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and environment

Question 17

Gene x environment (g x e) interaction

Answer 17

The intersection of a specific measures variation in the Dna and. A specific measures aspect of the environment