Chapter 2 - Basic Chemistry

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

The amount of matter in an object

Question 3

Weight

Answer 3

The force of gravity acting on matter

Question 4

Elements

Answer 4

It cannot be broken down into simpler substances

Question 5

Chemical Symbols

Answer 5

The names of the elements

Question 6

Major elements in the body

Answer 6

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Question 7

Trace Elements

Answer 7

Zinc, Iron, Copper, Iodine, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur and Phosphorus

Question 8

Atoms

Answer 8

The basic unit of an element (smallest)

Question 9

Atomic #

Answer 9

The number of protons

Question 10

Mass Number

Answer 10

Made up of protons + neutrons

Question 11

Isotopes

Answer 11

Same # of protons; different # of neutrons

Question 12

Valence Shell

Answer 12

The outermost shell with valence electrons determines whether or not it’s reactive

Question 13

Ionic bond

Answer 13

metal + non-metal exchange electrons causing cations and anions to form

Question 14

Covalent bond

Answer 14

non-metal + non-metal sharing electrons seeking stability

Question 15

Ion

Answer 15

An atom with either a positive or negative charge

Question 16

Cation

Answer 16

A positively charged ion; lost an electron

Question 17

Anion

Answer 17

A negatively charged ion; gained an electron

Question 18

Non-polar covalent bond

Answer 18

Equal sharing of electrons; no pull; share equally

Question 19

Polar Covalent bond

Answer 19

Unequal sharing of electrons; pull away

Question 20

Dipoles

Answer 20

The puller has a negative dipole (electrons) and the non-puller has a positive dipole because the electrons are not as concentrated.