Chapter 2 - Basic Chemistry Flashcards
Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space
Mass
The amount of matter in an object
Weight
The force of gravity acting on matter
Elements
It cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Chemical Symbols
The names of the elements
Major elements in the body
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
Trace Elements
Zinc, Iron, Copper, Iodine, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur and Phosphorus
Atoms
The basic unit of an element (smallest)
Atomic #
The number of protons
Mass Number
Made up of protons + neutrons
Isotopes
Same # of protons; different # of neutrons
Valence Shell
The outermost shell with valence electrons determines whether or not it’s reactive
Ionic bond
metal + non-metal exchange electrons causing cations and anions to form
Covalent bond
non-metal + non-metal sharing electrons seeking stability
Ion
An atom with either a positive or negative charge
Cation
A positively charged ion; lost an electron
Anion
A negatively charged ion; gained an electron
Non-polar covalent bond
Equal sharing of electrons; no pull; share equally
Polar Covalent bond
Unequal sharing of electrons; pull away
Dipoles
The puller has a negative dipole (electrons) and the non-puller has a positive dipole because the electrons are not as concentrated.
