Chapter 2: Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Flashcards
Milikan
credited with first measuring charge of electron
JJ Thompson
proposed a plum pudding model in which the atom was a diffuse sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electrons embedded in the sphere(like raisins in an English plum pudding muffin)
Rutherford
- discovered alpha particles were deflected by an electric or magnetic field in the opposite direction of beta particles; aplha particles were considered positive while beta particles were considered negative(in general)
- would disprove of the plum pudding model with the Rutherford- Geiger - Marsden experiment
Rutherford - Geiger - Marsden experiment
alpha particles from a radioactive source were allowed to strike a thin piece of gold foil; to prove Thompson’s model the alpha particles would have to pass through
- Although alpha particles passed through, some bounced off widely or bounced back the way it came; this disproved the plum pudding model because of the wide deflections that occurred
- would lead to the assumptions of atoms consisting of positively charged nucleus surrounding a cloud of negatively charged ions
James Chadwick
Rutherford’s student, discovered and characterized neutrons
Groups in the periodic table?
vertical columns
periods in the periodic table?
horizontal rows
Identify groups in the periodic table
Group 1 - Alkali metals(excluding hydrogen!)
Group 2 - Alkali earth metals
Ten groups between 2 and 13 - transitions elements/metals
(between groups 3 and 4 are lanthinides and actinides; inner transition elements)
Metalloids - Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, and Astatine(MARKED WRONG ON PAPER)
Nonmetals - hydrogen, elements in groups 14-18(excluding known metalloids)
Halogens are group 17 while noble gases are group 18
Compounds of Elements that form one Cation/Ion: +1
hyodrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, and cesium (group 1/1A)
silver ( transition element Ag)
Compounds of elements that form one Cation/Ion: +2
magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium (group 2/2A)
zinc, cadmium (transition elements)
Which element forms only a +3 Cation/Ion?
Aluminum (transition element)
Compounds of elements that form one Anion/Ion: -1
fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide (group 7/17)
hydride
Compounds of elements that form one Anion/Ion: -2
oxide and sulfide (group 6/16)
Element that only forms a -3 Anion/Ion?
nitride (group 5A/15)
Ionic Compounds: Binary Ionic Compounds
- between a metal and a nonmetal
- lists the cation ion first and the anion second
- cation and anion are monatomic
- cation name stays the same for the metal(often ends in “ium”)
- anion name adds suffix ide to the nonmetal