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General Chemistry Section 1 > Chapter 1 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Pure Substance

A

same chemical and physical properties throughout; cannot be separated into simpler substances by a physical process

Can be an element or a compound

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2
Q

What is a physical process?

A

a transformation of a sample of matter that does not alter the chemical identity

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3
Q

Element

A

a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by any chemical process

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4
Q

Compound

A

a pure substance composed of two or more elements bonded together in fixed proportions; can be broken down into individual elements by chemical reactions

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5
Q

Mixture

A

combination of two or more substances; can be homogenous or heterogeneous

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6
Q

homogenous mixture

A

components are distributed uniformly throughout the sample and have no visible boundaries or regions

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7
Q

heterogenous mixture

A

the components are not distributed uniformly and may have distinct regions of different composition

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8
Q

Atom

A

smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical characteristics of that element

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9
Q

Molecule

A

assembly of two or more atoms that are held together in a characteristic pattern by chemical bonds

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10
Q

Chemical formula

A

notation for representing elements and compounds; consists of symbols of elements and subscripts identifying the number of atoms of each element in one molecule

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11
Q

Chemical reaction

A

the transformation of one or more substances into different substances

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12
Q

Chemical equations

A

Use chemical formulas to express
the identities of substances involved
in a reaction; Use coefficients to indicate
quantities of substances involved in
a reaction.

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13
Q

Law of Constant Composition

A

All samples of a particular compound contain the same elements combined in the same proportions.

Example:
* Water (H2O)
* Consists of two units of hydrogen (H) combined with one unit of oxygen (O)
* Elements and proportions are represented by chemical formulas.

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14
Q

Ions

A

compounds consisting of positively or negatively charged particles

Can be Cations: positively charged ions
Ex: Calcium ion is Ca^2+

Can be Anions: negatively charged ions
Ex: Hydroxide ion is OH^-

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15
Q

Ways to represent bonding and shape for an arrangement of atoms

A

structural formulas, ball-and-stick model, and space-filling model

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16
Q

Properties of Matter

A

Intensive property and extensive property

17
Q

Intensive property

A

A property that is independent of the amount of substance present

Examples – color, luster, melting and boiling points, hardness, and density

18
Q

Extensive Property

A

A property that varies with the quantity of the substance present

Examples: volume, mass

19
Q

Physical Property

A

A property of a substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance

Examples: luster, hardness, color, state, melting point, boiling point, density

20
Q

Chemical Property

A

A property of a substance that can be observed only by reacting it to form another substance

Examples: flammability

21
Q

Density

A

Ratio of the mass of an object/substance to the volume of the object/substance

Density = mass/volume

22
Q

States of matter

A

Solids: Definite shape and volume

Liquids: Occupies definite volume, but flows to assume the shape of its container

Gases (vapors): Neither definite shape nor volume; expands to fill its container

When there is a transformation from one
state to another due to addition or removal
of heat, a state change occurs.

23
Q

Hypothesis

A

A tentative and testable explanation for an observation or a series of observations

24
Q

Scientific Theory

A

A general explanation of widely observed phenomena that has been extensively tested and validated

25
Q

Scientific Method

A
  • observe natural phenomena
  • generate predictions to test hypothesis
  • test the hypothesis
  • analyze the results: could lead back to refining the experiment, modifying the hypothesis, or rejecting the hypothesis
  • establish a theory(or model): could continue to test in light of the additional observation
26
Q

Accuracy

A

agreement between a measured value and accepted value

27
Q

Precision

A

agreement between repeated measurements

28
Q

Name the temperature scales and the temperature conversions

A

Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin

K = C + 273.15
C = 5/9 (F - 32)
F = 9/5C + 32

General Chemistry Section 1 (11 decks)

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