Chapter 2 Atoms, Ions and Compounds Flashcards
What are the components of the nucleus?
Protons and neutrons.
What are the 3 subatomic particles?
Protons, neutrons and electrons
Where are electrons found?
Around the nucleus in shells
What are the masses for each type of subatomic particle?
Protons and neutrons have the same mass, electrons have mass 1/1826 of a proton
What are the charges of each type of subatomic particle?
Protons have charge +1. Neutrons have charge 0. Electrons have charge -1.
What is the overall charge of an atom?
0/ neutral
What is the role of the nucleus?
Holds the nucleus together
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in the atom
How are elements identified?
Atoms with the same number of protons
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses.
What is the mass number?
Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
What is the difference in the physical properties of isotopes?
Higher mass isotopes will have higher m.p and b.p, but the chemical reactions remain the same.
What is an ion?
A charged atom, where the number of electrons is different to the number of protons.
What are the two types of ions?
Cations: positive charge
Anions: negative charge
What is relative isotopic mass?
Mass of an isotope relative to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
What is relative atomic mass?
Weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
How is the mass spectrometer used?
- Sample is placed into the mass spectrometer
- Sample is vaporised and then ionised to form positive ions
- Ions are accelerated. Heavier ions move more slowly and are more difficult to reflect than lighter ions, each isotope is separated
- Ions are detected as a mass-to-charge ratio. Each ion reaching the detector adds a signal, which the greater the abundance the larger the signal.
