Chapter 14 Alcohols Flashcards
What are alcohols?
Carbon chain that contains -OH, the hydroxyl group, which is responsible for both physical and chemical properties
What are the properties of alcohols?
Less volatile
High melting points
Greater water solubility
Polar due to -OH, intermolecular forces include hydrogen bonds
How does chain length affect the solubility of alcohols?
As the chain increase in size, the influence of the -OH becomes smaller, the solubility decreases
What are primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols?
Primary: carbon is attached to 2 hydrogens and 1 alkyl group
Secondary: carbon is attached to 1 hydrogen and 2 alkyl groups
Tertiary: carbon is attached to 3 alkyl groups
How does alcohols react with oxygen?
Burn completely in plentiful of oxygen, to produce carbon dioxide and water
As the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol chain increases, quantity of heat released per mole increases
How does alcohols react with K2Cr2O7?
Primary alcohols are oxidised to aldehydes, reflux to form
Secondary alcohols are oxidised to ketones
Tertairy alcohols do not undergo oxidation
K2Cr2O7 changes from orange to green
What is dehydration?
Removing of water from the starting material
Alcohols are heated under reflux in the present of an acid catalyst to produce an acid
What is the reaction of alcohols with hydrogen halides?
Reacted with hydrogen halides, heated under reflux with sulfuric acid to form haloalkanes
