Chapter 2 - Atoms, ions and compounds Flashcards
What makes up an atom?
Nucleus of protons and neutrons (most of mass of atom) and orbiting shells of electrons.
What can an electron be thought of as?
Negative charge cloud with the shape of the orbital referred to as an electron cloud.
What is an atomic orbital?
A region around the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding an electron.
What are the relative charges and masses of a proton, neutron and an electron.
Relative charges Relative masses
Proton +1 +1
Neutron 0 +1
Electron -1 very small or 1/1836
Why does an atom have a neutral charge?
Because the number of protons (positive charge) is the same as the number of electrons (negative charge).
What are isotopes?
Atoms of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
Doesn’t affect reactivity as this is due to electrons.
What is a cation?
A positive ion
More protons than electrons
What is an anion?
A negative ion
More electrons than protons
What is relative isotopic mass?
The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon 12.
What is relative atomic mass?
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon 12.
How are percentage abundances of the isotope in a sample of an element found experimentally?
Mass spectrometer
What are binary compounds?
Compounds that contain 2 elements only.
Naming: first element (metal ion) + second element + ide
What are polyatomic ions?
Ion of atoms from more than one element bonded together.
Give structure of Ammonium
NH4+
Give structure of carbonate
CO3 2-
