Chapter 16 - Organic synthesis

Question 1

What does a set of quick-fit apparatus consist of?

Answer 1

1. ) Round bottom flash/pear bottom flask
2. ) Receiver
3. ) Screw-tap adaptor
4. ) condensor
5. ) Still head

Question 2

What is heating under reflux used for?

Answer 2

• Used to prepare an organic liquid without boiling off solvent, reactants or products
• enables liquid to be continually boiled whilst reaction takes place.

Question 3

Why are anti-bumping granules used?

Answer 3

So contents boil smoothly

so large bubbles don’t form that would vibrate glassware - so it jumps violently

Question 4

What is distillation used for?

Answer 4

Used to separate a pure liquid from its impurities

Question 5

What are separating funnels used for?

Answer 5

• Separating 2 liquids in a mixture. Less dense liquid at the top

Question 6

Describe the procedure of using a separating funnel?

Answer 6

1. ) Ensure that the tap of the separating funnel is closed
2. ) pour the mixture of liquids into the separating funnel, place a stopper in the top of the funnel, and invert to mix the contents.
3. ) Allow layers to settle
4. ) Add some water to see which layers increases in volume - this is the aqueous layer.
5. ) Place in a conical flask under the separating funnel, remove the stopper and open the tap until the whole of the layer left the funnel.
6. ) Place a second conical flask under the separating funnel to collect the other layer
7. ) You will now have one conical flask containing the aqueous layer. Label the flasks so you don’t muddle them up.

Question 7

What is organic synthesis?

Answer 7

Preparation of complex molecules from simple starting materials

Question 8

Describe procedure of drying a organic product

Answer 8

1. ) Add organic liquid to a conical flask.
2. ) Using a spatula, add some of drying agent to liquid and gently swirl the contents to mix together.
3. ) place stopper on the flask to prevent product from evaporating away. Leave for about 10 minutes
4. ) If the solid has stuck together - there is water present. Add more drying agent until some solid is dispersed in the solution as a powder.
5. ) decant liquid from solid into flask

Question 9

What is a target molecule?

Answer 9

Compound that the chemist is attempting to prepare by organic synthesis

Question 10

What are common drying agents?

Answer 10

Calcium chloride or magnesium sulphate