Chapter 2: Atomic Structure + Periodic Table

Question 1

What are the 3 subatomic particles?

Answer 1

Electrons: e-
Protons: p+
Neutrons

Question 2

How do you determine the Mass + Atomic numbers?

Answer 2

Mass Number= # of p+ + # of N

Atomic Number= # of p+

Question 3

What are Isotopes?

Answer 3

Isotopes: atoms of an element that have the same number of protons and electrons but a different amount of electrons

Question 4

How do you determine the atomic mass of an isotope?

Answer 4

Atomic Mass= multiply the relative mass of each isotope by its fractional abundance then totaling the products

Question 5

Periodic Law

Answer 5

Periodic Law: when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number

Question 6

What are the 5 classifications of elements on a Periodic Table?

Answer 6

1. Metals (MAIN)
2. Metals (TRANSITION)
3. Metals (INNER TRANS.)
4. Metalloids
5. Nonmetals

Question 7

How do you determine the amount of electrons that can be in an electron shell?

Answer 7

2n^2 where n= electron shell number

Question 8

What are the size levels and the amount of electrons that can fit in each subshell?

Answer 8

s= 2 e-
p= 6 e-
d= 10 e-
f= 14 e-

Question 9

What is the correlation between the number of subshells that can fit into a shell?

Answer 9

The number of subshells within a shell is equal to the shell number.

Question 10

How many orbitals are found in each level?

How many electrons can fit into an orbital?

Answer 10

s= 1 
p= 3
d= 5
f= 7
an orbital can hold a maximum of 2 e-

Question 11

How many lobes are in each spherical orbital shape?

Answer 11

s= 1
p= 2
d= 4
f= 8

Question 12

What is a valence electron?

Answer 12

the outermost electrons in an atom

Question 13

What is the octet rule?

Answer 13

elements react to attain the electron configuration of the noble gas closest to them in the periodic table/ atoms will gain, lose or share electrons in chemical rx’s to attain this more stable energy state

Question 14

What is electron configuration?

Answer 14

electron configuration is a statement of how many electrons an atom has in each of its electron subshells

Question 15

Atomic Size

Answer 15

• The size of an element increases moving down from top to bottom of a group
• The size of an element decreases from left to right across a period

Question 16

Cation vs. Anion

Answer 16

Cations are smaller than their parent atom

Anions are larger than their parent atom

Question 17

Ionization Energy

Answer 17

the energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom. The lower the ionization energy, the easier it is to form a cation