Chapter 1: Methods + Measurements

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

the study of matter

Question 2

Properties

Answer 2

the characteristics of matter

Question 3

What are the 3 states of matter?

Answer 3

1. Gas: particles are widely separated; no definite shape or volume
2. Liquid: particles closer together; no definite shape but definite volume
3. Solid: particles are very close together; definite shape and volume

Question 4

Physical Property vs. Physical Change

Answer 4

Physical Property: observed without changing the composition of a substance
Physical Change: produces a recognizable difference in the appearance. Ex) melting an ice cube

Question 5

Chemical Property vs. Chemical Reaction/ Change

Answer 5

Chemical Property: change in composition

Chemical Reaction: process of rearranging, replacing, removing or adding atoms to produce new substances

Question 6

Chemical or Physical Property?

• color
• flammability
• hardness
• odor
• taste

Answer 6

• physical
• chemical
• physical
• physical
• physical

Question 7

Chemical or Physical Change?

• boiling water to steam
• butter turns rancid
• burning of wood
• snow melting
• decay of leaves in winter

Answer 7

• physical
• chemical
• chemical
• physical
• chemical

Question 8

Pure Substance vs. Mixture

Answer 8

Pure Substance: only has one component

Mixture: combination of two or more pure substances that don’t undergo a chemical reaction

Question 9

What are the 2 subcategories of Pure Substances?

Answer 9

Element: pure substances that cannot be changed into a simpler form of matter
Compound: substances resulting from the combination of two or more elements in a definite, reproducible way (fixed ratio)

Question 10

What are the 2 subcategories of Mixtures?

Answer 10

Homogeneous: uniform composition; particles well mixed + thoroughly intermingled
Heterogeneous: nonuniform composition; random placement

Question 11

Unit

Answer 11

the basic quantity of whatever quantity is being measured

Question 12

What are the basic units of the metric system?

Answer 12

Mass- gram- g
Length- meter- m
Volume- liter- L

Question 13

Time

Temperature

Answer 13

Time’s metric unit is the second

Temperature is the degree of ‘hotness’ of an object

Question 14

What is the conversion formula for F to C and vice versa?

Answer 14

F= 1.8 x (C) + 32
C= F - 32 / 1.8

Question 15

What is the conversion formula for K to C and vice versa?

Answer 15

K= C + 273
C= K - 273

Question 16

What is energy?

What are the 2 subcategories of energy?

Answer 16

Energy is the ability to do work
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion
Potential energy is the energy of position (stored energy)

Question 17

What are some characteristics of energy?

Answer 17

• energy cannot be created or destroyed
• energy may be converted from one form to another
• energy conversion always occurs with less than 100% efficiency
• all chemical reactions involve either a gain or loss of energy

Question 18

What are the basic units of energy?

Answer 18

calorie, joule, and kilocalorie
1 cal= 4.184 J
1 Cal= 1000 cal

Question 19

What is density?

Answer 19

Density is the ratio of mass to volume

Question 20

What are the formulas related to finding density, volume, or mass?

Answer 20

D= M / V
V= M / D
M= DV

Question 21

mega (M)
kilo (k)
deka (da)
deci (d)
centi (c)
milli (m) 
micro (u)
nano (n)

Answer 21

10-6     1,000,000.
10-3     1,000.
10-1      10.
10--1     .1
10--2    .01
10--3    .001
10--6    .000001
10--9    .000000001

Question 22

WEIGHTS
1 lb= ? ozs
1 ton= ? lbs
LENGTHS
1 foot= ? Yards
1 mile= ? Feet
1 yard= ? Feet 
VOLUMES
1 gallon= ? Quarts
1 quart=? Pints
1 quart =? Fluid ounces

Answer 22

16
2000
12
3
5280
4
2
32

Question 23

ENGLISH TO METRIC 
1 lb= ? g
2.2 lbs=? kilograms
1 inch=? cm
1 yard=? m
1 quart=? L
1 gallon=? L

Answer 23

454
1
2.54
.91
.946
3.78