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Aviation Fundamentals 🧭 > Chapter 2: Airplane Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Airplane Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Section A: Airplanes

Scientific requirements for manned flight, dictate that most airplane structures include, at a minimum: ________,________,________,________, and ________.

A
  1. A fuselage
  2. Wings
  3. An ampennage
  4. Landing Gear
  5. Powerplant
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2
Q

Section A: Airplanes

Which structure of the airplane is this one:

A

The Wing

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3
Q

Section A: Airplanes

Which structure of the airplane is this one:

A

The Fuselage

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4
Q

Section A: Airplanes

Which structure of the airplane is this one:

A

The Empennage

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5
Q

Section A: Airplanes

Which structure of the airplane is this one:

A

The Landing Gear

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6
Q

Section A: Airplanes

Which structure of the airplane is this one:

A

The PowerPlant

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7
Q

Section A: Airplanes

Explain the Monocoque structure.

A

Is the type of fuselage that its structure relies only on the skin or shell of the aircraft, with little or no internal framework.

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8
Q

Section A: Airplanes

Explain the Semi-Monocoque structure.

A

Is the type of fuselage that its structure relies on its skin and its skeleton (a substructure) to maintain shape and provide strength to the airframe.

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9
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What is the Fuselage?

A

The fuselage houses the cabin and cockpit. It contains:
* The controls for the airplane
* The seats for the occupants
* Room for cargo

The fuselage also provides attachment points for the other major airplane components.

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10
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What are the Wings?

A

The part of the airplane that produces lift when air flows around them.

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11
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What are the Ailerons?

A

They are used to control the roll movement of the airplane. They are located on the outside portion of the wing.

They are controlled by a control wheel or stick, that when moved, the ailerons move the opposite direction to create aerodynamic forces that roll the airplane in and out of turns.

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12
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What are the Flaps?

A

They are use to increase the wing’s lift for takeoffs and landings.

They are located on the inner portion of each wing, and normally flush with the wing’s surface during cruising flight. They are extended for takeoffs and landings.

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13
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What is the Empennage?

A

Is a surface that steady the airplane and help maintain a straight path through the air.

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14
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What are the parts of the Empennage?

A
  • Vertical Stabilizer (fin)
  • Rudder
  • Horizontal Stabilizer
  • Elevator
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15
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What is the rudder?

A

It is the part of empennage that moves the nose of the airplane through the pedals.

It is attached to the back of the vertical stabilizer.

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16
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What are the Horizontal and Vertical Stabilizers?

A

They are part of the Empennage, that help maintain a straight path through the air.

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17
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What is a Trim Tab?

A

Is a device located on the elevator, that counteracts the resistance you feel in the flight controls due to airflow.

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18
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What are the Trim Devices?

A

Small hinged devices attached to the trailing edges of one or more of the control surfaces.

They help minimize your workload by aerodynamically, helping you move a conscious surface, or maintain the surface in a desired position.

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19
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What is the anti-servo tab?

A

Used normally by the stabilator to provide the pilot with a control “feel” similar to an elevator. Functions as a trim tab to maintain the stabilator in its the desired position.

Without it, forces from the stabilator would be so light that the pilot might over control the airplane.

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20
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What is a landing gear?

A

The landing gear supports the airplane while it is on the ground and also absorbs landing loads.

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21
Q

Section A: Airplanes

Landing gears with a rear mounted wheel are called _______.

A

Conventional Landing Gear or tailwheel.

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22
Q

Section A: Airplanes

Landing gears located at the nose of the aircraft are called _______.

A

Nosewheel or tricycle gear.

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23
Q

Section A: Airplanes

Landing can be classified in:

A

Fixed Gear
Retractable Gear

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24
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What is a Fixed Gear?

A

It’s a gear that always remains extended.

25
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What is a Retractable Gear?

A

Is a gear that it is stowed inside the airplane structure during cruising flight.

26
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What are landing gear struts?

A

Devices that absorbs the shock of landing and taxiing over rough ground.

27
Q

Section A: Airplanes

Mention different types of landing gear struts.

A

Rigid Struts
Spring Steel Struts
Bungee Cord Struts
Oleo Struts

28
Q

Section A: Airplanes

True or False

The typical training airplane uses disc brakes located on the main wheels.

29
Q

Section A: Airplanes

True or False

Brakes are applied by the use of the rudder pedals.

30
Q

Section A: Airplanes

True or False

Brakes can be applied when by pressing the back of each rudder pedal.

31
Q

Section A: Airplanes

True or False

Differential braking is used to steer the airplane while taxiing.

32
Q

Section A: Airplanes

True or False

Differential braking is used to stop the airplane while taxiing.

33
Q

Section A: Airplanes

Where are located the disc brakes?

A

On the main wheels.

34
Q

Section A: Airplanes

True or False

In all airplanes, the powerplant includes both the engine and the propeller.

A

False

Only in small airplanes.

35
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What is the Firewall?

A

Is a fire-resistant bulkhead that protects the aircraft occupants and serves as a mounting point for the engine.

36
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What is the primary function of the engine?

A

To provide the power to turn the propeller.

37
Q

Section A: Airplanes

What does the propeller do?

A

It translates the rotational force of the engine into a forward
-acting force called thrust, which moves the airplane though the air.

38
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

Engines can be divided into two categories:

A

Reciprocating engines and Rurbine engines.

39
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

Describe the Reciprocating Engines.

A

Most economical, but still reliable, type of engine used in General Aviation Operation.

40
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

Where does the basic process of converting the chemical energy in fuel mechanical energy occurs?

A

The cylinders

41
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

What happens within the cylinders?

A

Chemical energy fuel in converted into mechanical energy.

This because a fuel/air mixture within the cylinders is compressed by a piston and then ignited. The combustion forces the piston down and that force is transferred through a crankshaft to a propeller.

42
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

What is called the continuous energy-creating process in typical reciprocating airplane engines?

A

The Four-Stroke Operating Cycle

43
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

What are the steps in the Four-Stroke Operating Cycle?

A

Intake
Compression
Power
Exhaust

44
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

45
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

46
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

Explain the Power step in the Four-Stroke Operating Cycle.

A

When compression is nearly complete, the spark plugs fire and the compressed mixture is ignited to begin the power stroke. The rapidly expanding gases from the controlled burning of the fuel/air mixture drive the piston, providing the power that rotates the crankshaft.

47
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

Explain the Exhaust step in the Four-Stroke Operating Cycle.

A

The exhaust stroke expels the® burned gases from the chamber through the opened exhaust valve.

48
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

What is the purpose of induction systems?

A
  1. To bring air into the engine
  2. Mix it with fuel in the proper proportion
  3. Deliver it to the cylinders where combustion occurs.
49
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

What are the two controls in the cockpit that controls over the amount of fuel and air that is introduced into the engine?

A

The throttle and the mixture.

50
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

Describe the Throttle

A

Controls the engine power by regulating the amount of fuel/air mixture that flows into the cylinders.

51
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

Describe the Mixture

A

Controls the fuel/air ratio.

52
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

What is the Carburetor?

A

It mixes the incoming air with fuel and delivers it to the combustion chamber.

53
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

What happens to the air that enter the carburetor?

A

After air has made its way to the induction system, it travels through a system of ducts and it is then introduced to the carburetor, in where this incoming air is mixed with fuel and delivers it to the combustion chamber.

54
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

What is a Float-Type Carburator Disadvantage?

A

It has an icing tendency.

55
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

What is Fuel Injections?

A

It is a way to eliminate carburator ice, since with this the fuel is not vaporized until it is sprayed directly into the hot engine intakes.

56
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

What is the Ignition System?

A

Is a system made up of magnetos, spark plugs, interconnecting wire, and the ignition switch.

It provides the spark that ignites the fuel/air mixture in the cylinders.

57
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

What is a magneto?

A

Is a self contained unit, engine-driven unit that supplies electrical current completely independant of the airplane’s electrical system.

58
Q

Section B: The Powerplant and Related Systems

Aviation Fundamentals 🧭 (4 decks)

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