Chapter 2

Question 1

Isotopes

Answer 1

Different versions of the same element

same number of protons and electrons but different neutrons

Question 2

Proton + Electron

Answer 2

Attract each other because of the electric charges

Causes the chemical behaviour

Question 3

Extra neutrons in the atom (chemical behaviour)

Answer 3

Doesn’t change chemical

Changes physical behaviour (more or less stable)

Question 4

Ions

Answer 4

charges

Question 5

Mass number

Answer 5

Counts particles that have a significant mass (protons and neutrons = nucleus)

Question 6

Why does the protons and electrons have to have the same number

Answer 6

Or they would be different elements

Question 7

Atomic number

Answer 7

Proton number

Question 8

What weighs more

Neutrons/Protons

Answer 8

Neutrons

Question 9

What makes an ideal standard atom

Answer 9

Abundant and equal number of protons and neutrons

carbon

Question 10

RIM

Answer 10

Mass of an atom of an isotope compared to 1/12 of Carbon-12

Question 11

RAM

Answer 11

The mean mass of 1 mole of an element compared to 1/12 of Carbon-12

Question 12

Mass spectrometry

Answer 12

Determines the RAM

Question 13

Ionisation in mass spectrometry

Answer 13

creates positive ions

Question 14

M/Z Ratio

Answer 14

From the acceleration and deflection of the cations

The bigger the mass, more momentum and the harder it deflects

Question 15

Relative abundance

Answer 15

Mass spectrometry sorts ions by mass

Question 16

Formula of RAM

Answer 16

(Mass 1 * %1) +
(Mass 2 * %2)
————————————-
100

Question 17

Neon has a relative atomic mass of 20.18

The relative abundance of 20Ne is 90.92%

The relative abundance of 21Ne is 0.26%

Calculate the mass of the only other isotope?

Answer 17

The abundance of the remaining isotope is 100 - 90.92 - 0.26 = 8.82%

If the mass of the remaining isotope is X then:

(90.92 x 20) + (0.26 x 21) + (8.82 x X)  -------------------------------------
             100 = 20.18

              100 = 20.18

1823.86 + (8.82X) = 20.18 x 100

8.82X = 2018 - 1823.86
8.82X = 194.14
X = 194.14 = 22.01

So the other isotope is 22Ne = 8.82

Question 18

RMM

Answer 18

Mass of one molecule

Question 19

Transition metals for more than one ion

Answer 19

Oxidation numbers

tells you the amount of ions in the element

Question 20

Binary compounds

Answer 20

Only contains two elements

= ends in -ide

Question 21

Polyatomic ions

Answer 21

Ammonium (NH4+)
Hydroxide 
(OH-)
Nitrate 
(NO3-)
Carbonate 
(CO32-)
Phosphate 
(PO43-)
Dichromate  VI
(CR2O72-)

Question 22

How to write a formulae from ions

Answer 22

overall charge has to be 0 so ionic charges are balanced

Question 23

Diatomic molecules

Answer 23

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

Question 24

Formula unit

Answer 24

works out from the ionic charges is used in equation