11.5 - Introduction to reaction mechanisms

Question 1

Covalent bonding

Answer 1

Shared pair of electrons between two atoms

Question 2

Covalent bonds can be broken through…

Answer 2

…Homolytic or Hetrolytic Fission

Question 3

Homolytic fission

Answer 3

Each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared paired

Each atom has a single unpaired electron

Question 4

Radicals

Answer 4

Atoms that are unpaired electrons

Question 5

Homolytic fission in a C-C bond in Ethane

Answer 5

CH3-CH3 —> CH3. + .CH3

Question 6

Hetrolytic fission

Answer 6

one of the bonded pairs take both of the electrons from the bond
The atom that takes both fo the electrons become negative ions
The atom that doesn’t take both fo the electrons become positive

Question 7

Hetrolytic fission in a C-Cl bond in Chloromethane

Answer 7

CH3-Cl —> CH3+ + Cl-

Question 8

Organic reaction mechanism

Answer 8

reactants, products, stoichiometry = equation reaction

Question 9

Curly arrows

Answer 9

Show the movement of electron pairs when bonds are broken

      H
       | 
H---C+      +       Cl-
       |
      H

Question 10

Addition reaction

Answer 10

two reactants join together to form a product
A molecule + unsaturated alkene = (double bond breaks) = single saturated compound
But-2-ene + Water = Butan-2-ol

Question 11

Substitution reaction

Answer 11

When an atom is replaced by a different atom

1-bromopropane + Hydroxyl ion = Propan-1-ol + Bromine ion

Question 12

Elimination reaction

Answer 12

Involves the removal of small molecules from a larger one
One reactant = Two products
Propan-1-ol = Acid catalyst = Propene + Water
(Eliminate the water from the alcohol)